Hidayat, Rizky Azizah and Nisa', Astri Azizun (2018) Ekstraksi Serat Daun Nanas sebagai Bahan Untuk Serat Tekstil. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Tanaman nanas (Ananas cosmosus (L) Merr) yang termasuk famili Bromeliaceae merupakan tumbuhan tropis dan subtropis yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Bentuk daun nanas menyerupai pedang yang meruncing diujungnya dengan warna hijau kehitaman dan pada tepi daun terdapat duri yang tajam. Serat nanas terdiri atas selulosa dan non selulosa yang diperoleh melalui penghilangan lapisan luar daun secara mekanik. Hasil penelitian sifat kimia daun nanas meliputi kadar selulosa berkisar antara 69,5% - 71,5%, kadar lignin berkisar antara 4,4% - 4,7%, kadar pektin 1,0%-1,2%, kadar lemak dan wax 3%-3,3%, kadar abu 0,71% - 0,87%, sedangkan kadar pentosan 17,0% - 17,8%. Serat daun nanas berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai alternatif bahan baku tekstil dengan cara mengurangi kadar lignin pada serat daun nanas melalui proses delignifikasi.
Pada penelitian ini proses ekstraksi serat daun nanas dilakukan dalam lima tahap yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap deliginifikasi, tahap washing, tahap netralisasi dan tahap pengawetan. Tahap persiapan yaitu mempersiapkan bahan baku dengan menghilangkan daging kulit daun nanas sampai terlihat serat berwarna putih kemudian mengambil serat tersebut dengan perlahan, pembuatan larutan NaOH sesuai konsentrasi yang telah ditentukan. Tahap kedua yaitu tahap delignifikasi serat daun nanas yang direndam dalam larutan NaOH dengan dan tanpa pengadukan menggunakan magnetic stirrer. Tahap ketiga adalah tahap washing dengan melakukan pembilasan serat daun nanas menggunakan aquades untuk menghilangkan sisa pelarut dan pengotor pada serat. Selanjutnya adalah proses netralisasi, yakni dengan merebus serat daun nanas pada suhu 100℃ selama 2 jam. Kemudian tahap pengawetan dilakukan dengan cara mengeringkan serat daun nanas sampai berat konstan.
Pada percobaan ini, hasil percobaan pada serat daun nanas yang paling optimal adalah serat daun nanas pada variabel konsentrasi NaOH 4%, suhu perendaman 80℃, serta kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm dengan hasil kadar lignin 0,3% ; ukuran pori 18,30 µm ; dan kekuatan tarik sebesar 10,83 g/Tex.
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Pineapple plants (Ananas cosmosus (L) Merr) include in Bromeliaceae family which a tropical and subtropical plant that is widely available in Indonesia. Pineapple leaf shape resembles a sword that tapers at the end with a blackish-green color and on the edge of the leaf there is a sharp thorn. The pineapple fiber is composed by cellulose and non cellulose obtained by mechanically removing the outer layer of leaves. The results of pineapple leaf chemistry research included cellulose content ranges from 69.5% - 71.5%, lignin levels ranged between 4.4% - 4.7%, pectin levels 1.0% -1.2%, fat and waxes content 3% -3.3%, ash content 0.71% - 0.87%, while pentosan levels 17.0% - 17.8%. Pineapple leaf fiber has the potential to serve as an alternative raw material for textile by reducing lignin levels in pineapple fiber through a process of delignification.
In this research, the extraction process of pineapple leaf fiber is done in five stages: preparation stage, deliginification stage, washing stage, netralization stage and preservation stage. Preparation stage is to prepare raw materials by removing the skin flesh of pineapple leaves to see white fiber and then take the fiber slowly, making a solution of NaOH according to the concentration that has been determined. The second stage is the delignification stage of pineapple leaf fiber soaked in NaOH solution with and without stirring using magnetic stirrer. The third stage is the washing stage by purging the pineapple leaf fiber using aquades to remove residual solvents and impurities on the fibers. Next is the process of netralization by boiling pineapple leaf fiber at a temperature of 100℃ for 2 hours. Then preservation stage with drying pineapple leaves fiber to a constant weight.
In this experiment, the most optimal pineapple fiber results were pineapple fiber in 4% NaOH concentration, temperature 80℃, and stirring rate 300 rpm with 0.3% lignin yield ; 18.30 μm pore size ; and 10.83 g/Tex for tensile stregth.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Serat Daun Nanas, Delignifikasi, NaOH |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD471 Chemical compounds - Structure and formulas Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63 Extraction Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD75.2 Chemistry, Analytic |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Rizky Azizah Hidayat |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jul 2021 22:26 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jul 2021 22:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/54704 |
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