Pabrik Smelter Grade Alumina (SGA) dari Bauksit Menggunakan Proses Bayer dengan Lime-Sintering

Solihah, Qolbiyatus and Rifa'i, Awaludin Fitroh (2018) Pabrik Smelter Grade Alumina (SGA) dari Bauksit Menggunakan Proses Bayer dengan Lime-Sintering. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia memiliki sumber daya bauksit yang cukup besar yaitu sekitar 1.293.838.207 ton dengan cadangan sebesar 582.621.415 ton (Antam, 2014). Sebelum berlakunya Permen No. 1 tahun 2014 tentang pengolahan dan pemurnian mineral untuk mendapatkan nilai tambah, bijih bauksit Indonesia
diekspor berupa bahan mentah, namun saat ini pemerintah mewajibkan pemilik IUP, dalam hal ini bijih bauksit, untuk mengolahnya menjadi alumina dan aluminium dengan mendirikan pabrik pemurnian, sehingga memberikan nilai tambah bijih bauksit.
Proses produksi Smelter Grade Alumina menggunakan proses Bayer dengan lime sintering. Tahapan proses Bayer dengan lime sintering dimulai dengan pemecahan dan penggerusan bauskit untuk mendapatkan ukuran butir lebih halus dengan luas permukaan spesifik yang lebih besar, dilanjutkan dengan pengayakan (klasifikasi). Bauksit halus dicampur dengan larutan NaOH, kemudian dilarutkan/dimasak (digestion) menggunakan media pemanas berupa uap. Proses ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan bahan desilikasi berupa kapur atau turunannya. Penambahan kapur dapat menurunkan jumlah konsumsi NaOH terutama pada suhu proses yang tinggi. Penambahan kapur juga dapat mengurangi pengotor berupa karbonat, silika dan phosphorous dalam larutan
sodium aluminat.
Pabrik Smelter Grade Alumina rencananya akan didirikan tahun 2020 di Kabupaten Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat dengan kapasitas 300.000 ton/tahun, dengan bahan baku 2.315 ton/hari bauksit, 1.405 ton/hari NaOH untuk startup dan 913 kg/hari NaOH untuk make up, serta CaCO3 sebesar 113 ton/hari. Kebutuhan utilitas pada pabrik Smelter Grade Alumina untuk start up sebesar 22.118,14 m3 air sungai, sementara kebutuhan untuk make up setiap hari sebesar 7.452,09 m3/hari air sungai. Pabrik Smelter Grade Alumina ini direncanakan akan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 24 jam/ hari selama 300 hari/tahun.
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Indonesia has substantial bauxite resources of around
1,293,838,207 tons with reserves of 582,621,415 tons (Antam, 2014). Prior to the enactment of Candidate no. 1 year 2014 on the processing and purification of
minerals to obtain added value, Indonesian bauxite ore exported in the form of raw materials, but now the government requires the owners of IUP, in this case
bauxite ore, to process it into alumina and aluminum by establishing a refining plant, ore bauxite.
The production process of Smelter Grade Alumina uses Bayer process with lime sintering. The phases of the Bayer process with lime sintering begin with breaking and scouring the bauskit to obtain finer grain size with a
larger specific surface area, followed by sieving (classification). The fine bauxite is mixed with NaOH solution, then dissolved / digestion using a steam heating medium. This process is done by adding desilikasi materials such as chalk or derivatives. The addition of lime can decrease the amount of NaOH consumption especially at high process temperature. The addition of lime can also reduce the impurities of carbonate, silica and phosphorous in sodium aluminate solution.
The Smelter Grade Alumina plant is planned to be established in 2020 in Mempawah District, West Kalimantan with a capacity of 300,000 tons / year, with raw materials of 2.315 tons / day of bauxite, 1.405 tons of NaOH for startup and 913 kg / day of NaOH for make up and CaCO3 of 113 ton / day. Utility needs at the Smelter Grade Alumina plant for start up is 22.118,14 m3 river water, while
the need for daily make up is 7.452,09 m3 / day river water. The Smelter Grade Alumina plant is planned to operate continuously for 24 hours / day for 300 days/ year.

Item Type: Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Bauksit, Bayer dengan lime sintering, Smelter Grade Alumina
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD547 Flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, etc.
T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55 Industrial Safety
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ1398 Conveyors
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ903 Pumping machinery.
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ935 Pipe--Fluid dynamics. Tubes--Fluid dynamics
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ223 PID controllers
T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN879.6 Welding
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User: Qolbiyatus Solihah
Date Deposited: 12 Jul 2021 22:27
Last Modified: 12 Jul 2021 22:27
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/54970

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