Putri, Nikita Ayu Anindita and Effendi, Aditya Pernanda (2018) Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair dan Padat dari Hasil Samping Proses Anaerobik Biogas Eceng Gondok. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pemakaian pupuk anorganik yang terus menerus menyebabkan dampak negatif pada keseimbangan unsur hara dalam tanah, membunuh makhluk hidup dalam tanah, dan lain lain yang beresiko terhadap kesehatan manusia karena adanya residu zat kimia yang terdapat pada tanaman atau tumbuhan yang di konsumsi.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat pupuk organik dari proses biogas eceng gondok dengan kandungan C, N, P, dan K yang sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2010 dengan variabel HRT 21 dengan bahan baku utama tanpa penambahan bahan organik dan HRT 21 dengan bahan baku ditambah bahan organik.
Prosedur penelitian pembuatan pupuk organik cair dan padat dari eceng gondok melalui proses anaerobik dibagai 4 tahap yaitu tahap persiapan bahan baku, tahap pembuatan biogas, tahap pembuatan pupuk organik, dan tahan analisa. Pada tahap persiapan bahan baku yaitu menyiapkan bahan baku berupa eceng gondok, kotoran sapi, dan daun lamtoro. Kemudian tahap pembuatan biogas yaitu memasukkan bahan baku tersebut kedalam reaktor yang telah diisi kotoran sapi selama 7 hari dan mengamati volume biogas yang dihasilkan dalam rentang waktu 24 jam. Selanjutnya pada tahap pembuatan pupuk organik yaitu mengambil limbah slurry berupa padatan dan cairan dari hasil proses anaerobik tersebut dan menganalisa kandungan C, N, P, dan K. Sludge padat yang di dapat diletakkan didalam ember dan mengeringkan selama ±24 jam dan menghaluskannya, lalu ditambahkan bahan perekat berupa tepung kanju, kemudian memasukkan ke dalam alat pembuat granul. Granul yang telat tercetak, disemprot dengan sodium sillicate selama 3-5 menit sebagai coating dengan suhu dijaga 80-100°C. Terakhir tahap analisa, yaitu tahap analisa gas dan analisa kadar air.
Dari hasil percobaan didapat komposisi pupuk organik padat pada variabel bahan baku utama berupa eceng gondok tanpa penambahan bahan organik adalah 3,81% N, 1,30% P2O5-P, dan 1,93% K2O-K. Sedangkan komposisi pupuk organik padat pada variabel bahan utama berupa eceng gondok ditambah bahan organic seperti daun lamtoro dan kotoran sapi adalah 0,61% N, 0,06% P2O5-P, 4,72% K2O-K. Komposisi pupuk organik padat tersebut sudah memenuhi standar Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 yaitu min 4%, Komposisi pupuk organik cair pada variabel bahan baku utama berupa eceng gondok tanpa penambahan bahan organik adalah 0,09% N, 7,81ppm P2O5-P, dan 402ppm K2O-K. Sedangkan komposisi pupuk organik cair pada variabel bahan baku utama berupa eceng gondok ditambah bahan organik berupa daun lamtoro dan kotoran sapi adalah 0,03% N, 0,85ppm P2O5-P, 24,1ppm K¬¬2O-K. Komposisi pupuk organik cair pada HRT 21 dan HRT 14 belum memenuhi standar Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 yaitu 3-6%.
Kata kunci: limbah, pupuk organik, proses anaerobik
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The continuous use of inorganic fertilizers causes a negative impact on the balance of nutrients in the soil, can kill living creatures in the soil, etc., which can also pose a risk to human health due to the presence of chemical residues contained in the plant as human consumption everyday. The purpose of this research is to make organic fertilizer from biogas water hyacinth process with the content of C, N, P, and K in accordance with Regulation of Minister of Agriculture no. 70 / Permentan / SR.140 / 10/2010 with HRT 21 variable with main raw material without addition of organic material and HRT 21 with raw material plus organic material.
The research procedure of making liquid and solid organic fertilizer from water hyacinth through anaerobic process is divided into 4 stages, namely raw material preparation stage, biogas making stage, organic fertilizer making stage, and analysis phase. In the preparation stage of raw materials is preparing raw materials such as water hyacinth, cow dung, and lamtoro leaf. Then at the stage of biogas making stage, put the raw material into reactor that has been filled with cow dung for 7 days and observed the volume of biogas produced within 24 hours. Furthermore, at the stage of making organic fertilizers, we take the slurry of solids and liquids from the anaerobic process and analyze the content of C, N, P, and K. The obtained solid sludge is placed in a bucket and dried for ± 24 hours and mashed, then added a starchy glue material, then inserted into a granule making tool. Granules that have been made are then sprayed with sodium sillicate for 3-5 minutes as a coating with a temperature maintained between 80-100 ° C. And last is the analysis stage where at this stage is done gas analysis and water content analysis.
From the experimental results, the composition of solid organic fertilizer on the main raw material variables in the form of water hyacinth without the addition of organic material is 3.81% N, 1.30% P2O5-P, and 1.93% K2O-K. While the composition of solid organic fertilizer on the main material variables in the form of water hyacinth plus organic materials such as lamtoro leaf and cow dung is 0.61% N, 0.06% P2O5-P, 4.72% K2O-K. The composition of solid organic fertilizer has met the standard of Minister of Agriculture Regulation no. 70 / Permentan / SR.140 / 10/2011, which is at a minimum of 4%. The composition of liquid organic fertilizer on the main raw material variables in the form of water hyacinth without the addition of organic matter is 0.09% N, 7.81ppm P2O5-P, and 402ppm K2O-K. While the composition of liquid organic fertilizer on the main raw material in the form of water hyacinth plus organic material in the form of lamtoro leaf and cow dung is 0.03% N, 0.85ppm P2O5-P, 24,1ppm K¬¬O-K. The composition of liquid organic fertilizer in HRT 21 and HRT 14 has not met the standard of Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture no. 70 / Permentan / SR.140 / 10/2011, which is at 3-6%.
Keywords: waste, organic fertilizer, anaerobic process
| Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSKI 631.86 Eff p-1 3100018077510 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | limbah, pupuk organik, proses anaerobik |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Nikita Ayu Anindita Putri |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2020 04:21 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Nov 2020 03:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/55102 |
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