Yuliandari, Widyanti (2018) Penilaian Kualitas Air Sungai Sampean di Jawa Timur Menggunakan Metode Fisik Kimia dan Bioassessment dengan Makroinvertebrata. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sungai Sampean yang mengalir melalui Bondowoso dan Situbondo menerima polutan dari limbah pertanian, domestik dan industri. Penilaian kualitas air sungai merupakan salah satu hal penting dalam upaya manajemen kualitas sungai. Bioassessment adalah metode yang banyak digunakan di negara maju sebagai salah satu alat pengelolaan sungai, tetapi belum umum digunakan di Indonesia. Penilaian kualitas air sungai, terutama oleh lembaga pemerintah, sering dilakukan dengan metode fisik-kimia. Kedua metode ini dapat digunakan secara bersama-sama untuk mendapatkan hasil penilaian kualitas air yang lebih meyakinkan dan komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kualitas Sungai Sampean dengan metode fisik-kimia dan bioassessment menggunakan makroinvertebrata dan untuk menguji korelasi metode-metode tersebut.
Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 10 lokasi yang mewakili 5 orde sungai dengan 2 kali ulangan. Metode fisik-kimia dilakukan menggunakan parameter: suhu, pH, COD, BOD, amonium, nitrit, nitrat, dan fosfat. Pengambilan sampel dan analisis kualitas air fisik-kimia dilakukan menurut Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater Analysis dan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Makroinvertebrata disampling dengan handnet standar (ukuran pori 500 μm), dalam waktu pengumpulan efektif 5 menit. Sampel makroinvertebrata diawetkan dengan alkohol konsentrasi 70% untuk identifikasi lebih lanjut. Penilaian kualitas air dengan metode fisik-kimia menggunakan LISEC Score dan DUTCH Score. Sedangkan penilaian kualitas air berdasarkan makroinvertebrata menggunakan beberapa indeks biotik: Belgian Biotic Index (BBI), Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), BMWP yang dimodifikasi dan BMWP Thai. Hasil penilaian menggunakan metode fisik-kimia dan biologi diuji korelasi dengan Spearman’s Correlation Rank.
Kualitas Sungai Sampean berdasarkan LISEC Score berada dalam kisaran: sangat baik hingga sedang, dan berdasarkan DUTCH Score adalah sangat baik hingga agak tercemar. Penilaian kualitas fisik sungai menunjukkan kualitas: baik hingga buruk. Sementara indeks biotik menunjukkan bahwa kualitas Sungai Sampean berada pada rentang: terdampak sedang hingga sangat tercemar berat. Indeks yang dihitung berdasarkan Chironomidae tidak dapat digunakan untuk menilai kualitas sungai karena hanya ditemukan sedikit jenis Chironomidae.
Secara statistik, BMWP Thai berkorelasi kuat dengan skor kualitas fisik. Sedangkan Belgian Biotic Index memiliki korelasi kuat dengan parameter DO dan BOD serta LISEC Score dan Dutch Score. Mengacu pada hasil pengolahan data secara statistik serta mempertimbangkan cakupan taksa yang paling mirip dengan makroinvertebrata yang ditemukan di lokasi studi, BMWP Thai dan BBI dapat dipilih sebagai indeks yang digunakan dalam penilaian kualitas Sungai Sampean
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Sampean River that flows through Bondowoso and Situbondo receives pollutant from agricultural, domestic and slightly industrial waste. Bioassesment is a widely used method in developed countries as one of the of river management tool, but has not been commonly used in Indonesia. Assessment of river water quality, especially by government agencies, frequently conduct by physical-chemical methods. Both of these methods can be complementarily used together to get more convincing and comprehensive water quality assessment results. This study aims to assesst the quality of Sampean River by physical-chemical method and bioassessment using macroinvertebrates and to examine the correlation between the methods.
Sampling was conducted at 10 locations representing 5 orders of the river with 2 replications. Physical-chemical methods are carried out using parameters: temperature, pH, COD, BOD, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate. Sampling and analysis of physical-chemical water quality was held according to Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater Analysis and Indonesian National Standard. Macroinvertebrates was obtain with a standard handnet with 500 μm pore size, in effective 5-minute collection time. The macroinvertebrate samples were separated from the sediment and preserved with alcohol of 70% concentration for further identification. Water quality assessment by physical-chemical method using Dutch Score and LISEC Score. While the assessment of water quality based on macroinvertebrates use several biotic indices: Belgian Biotic Index (BBI), Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), modified BMWP and BMWP Thai. Physical-chemical and biological assessment results were correlated with Spearman's Correlation Rank.
Sampean River condition based on the LISEC Score is in the range: very good to medium, and based on DUTCH Score is very good to slightly contaminated. Assessment of physical quality of the river shows the condition of the river is good” to bad. While the biotic index indicates that the Sampean River condition started from moderately impacted to very heavily polluted.
Based on Spearman’s Correlation, BMWP Thai strongly correlates with physical quality of river. While Belgian Biotic Index has strong correlation with DO, BOD, LISEC Score and Dutch Score. According to statistical method and macroinvertebrates families similarity, BMWP Thai and BBI could be selected as an index used in the Sampean River quality assessment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTL 628.162 Yul p-1 3100018078171 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | bioassessment, penilaian kualitas air, makroinvertebrata |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Theses |
| Depositing User: | widyanti yuliandari |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Dec 2020 02:47 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Dec 2020 02:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/56231 |
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