nugroho, Joko ade (2018) Aplikasi Komposite Epoxy-HGM-Sisal 90º Woven Sebagai Material Sungkup Helm yang Mampu Menahan Penetrasi dan Beban Impact. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Helm berstandar SNI merupakan alat kelengkapan wajib bagi setiap pengandara sepeda motor[UU No. 22 Tahun 2009; pasal 57 ayat 1 juncto, ayat 2; pasal 106 ayat 8]. Helm yang baik harus mampu menerima beban penetrasi serta mampu menahan energi impact[SNI1811-2007]. Material sungkup helm pada umumnya hanya mampu menahan penetrasi namun, kurang baik dalam menyerap energi impact. Energi impact akibat benturan hanya diserap oleh foam sehingga kepala masih merasakan pusing saat terjadi benturan. Selain itu, helm yang ada harus memiliki bobot yang ringan, agar helm tidak mengganggu konsentrasi[Erhardt, 2015], serta tidak merusak syaraf leher[dr Ruslin Yusni Hasan, 2012]. Penggunaan material komposit serat sisal sangat bagus diterapkan pada helm. Hal ini dikarenakan serat sisal memiliki properties yang baik dibandingkan dengan material serat alam yang lain[Kusumastuti, 2009]. Arah serat pada komposit sangat mempengaruhi kekuatan komposit yang terbentuk. Komposit epoxy-sisal chooped memiliki kekuatan tarik sebesar 19,774 MPA[I Wayan Surata, 2016], sedangkan kekuatan tarik dari komposit epoxy-sisal wooven sebesar 25 MPA[A Sardrach, 2015]. Komposit epoxy-HGM 16% (Hollow Glass Microspheres) dapat menyerap energi impact sebesar 86,39%[Hindun, 2015]. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan prototype helm berbahan komposit epoxy-HGM- sisal 90º woven yang mampu menahan penetrasi serta mampu menyerap enerrgi impact sesuai dengan SNI 1811-2007.
Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa tahap, mulai dari studi pustaka, simulasi, pembuatan prototype, serta pengujian penetrasi dan penyerapan beban kejut sesuai dengan SNI 1811-2007. Geometri helm menggunakan helm open face sesuai SNI 1811-2007. Proses pengujian serta simulasi mengacu pada SNI 1811-2007. Proses simulasi ditujukan untuk mendapatkan geometri helm lolos uji penetrasi dan penyerapan beban kejut sesuai SNI 1811-2007 dengan ketebalan minimal. Prototype yang dibuat menggunakan konfigurasi helm yang paling ringan yang didapatkan dari hasil simulasi. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pengujian ketahanan penetrasi serta penyerapan beban kejut sesuai SNI1811-2007 terhadap prototype yang sudah terbentuk.
Mengacu pada SNI 1811-2007 kriteria helm lolos uji penyerapan beban kejut adalah helm tidak rusak dan pola kepala uji menerima perlambatan sesaat setelah terjadi benturan tidak lebih dari 300g. Sedangkan pada uji penetrasi sungkup helm harus tidak tembus saat dijatuhi oleh indentor. Dengan kriteria tersebut, dari semua sungkup helm yang memenuhi dipilih konfigurasi helm yang memiliki massa paling kecil dengan ketebalan 4 mm. Hasil simulasi menunjukan sungkup Epoxy-HGM-Sisal Woven 4 mm mengalami penetrasi sebesar 81.59% dan percepatan yang diterima pola kepala uji sebesar 213 g.
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Standard SNI helmet is a compulsory fittings for every motorcycle driver [Law no. 22 of 2009; Article 57 paragraph 1 juncto, paragraph 2; article 106 verse 8]. Good helmets should be able to accept the burden of penetration and able to withstand the impact energy [SNI1811-2007]. Helmet hood material is generally only able to resist penetration, but less good in absorbing impact energy. Impact impact energy is only absorbed by the foam so the head is still feeling dizzy during a collision. In addition, the existing helmet should have a light weight, so that the helmet does not interfere with concentration [Erhardt, 2015], and does not damage the neck nerves [dr Ruslin Yusni Hasan, 2012]. The use of composite fiber sisal material is very good applied to the helmet. This is because sisal fiber has good properties compared to other natural fiber materials [Kusumastuti, 2009]. The direction of fibers on composites greatly affects the composite strength that is formed. The chooped epoxy-sisal composite has a tensile strength of 19,774 MPA [I Wayan Surata, 2016], while the tensile strength of the wooven epoxy-sisal composite is 25 MPA [A Sardrach, 2015]. Epoxy-HGM 16% composite (Hollow Glass Microspheres) can absorb the impact energy of 86.39% [Hindun, 2015]. The purpose of this research is to get prototype helmet made of 90º woven epoxy-sisal composite which can resist penetration and able to absorb enerrgi impact in accordance with SNI 1811-2007.
This research has several stages, ranging from literature study, simulation, prototype making, as well as penetration testing and shock absorption in accordance with SNI 1811-2007. Helmet geometry using open face helmet according to SNI 1811-2007. The testing process and simulation refer to SNI 1811-2007. The simulation process is aimed to obtain helmet geometry pass penetration test and shock absorption according to SNI 1811-2007 with minimum thickness. The prototype is made using the lightest helmet configuration obtained from the simulation results. Furthermore, the testing of penetration resistance and absorption of shock load according to SNI1811-2007 against prototype that has been formed.
Referring to SNI 1811-2007 the criteria of helmets passing the shock absorption test are the undamaged helmets and the test head pattern receives a deceleration shortly after a collision of no more than 300g. While on the penetration test helmet lid should not penetrate when obeyed by the indenter. With these criteria, of all helmet lids that meet the chosen helmet configuration that has the smallest mass with a thickness of 4 mm. The simulation results showed Epoxy-HGM-Sisal Woven 4 mm enclosure penetrated by 81.59% and the acceleration received by the test head pattern was 213 g.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | sungkup helm, epoxy – HGM – sisal 90º Woven, SNI 1811 – 2007 |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.9 Composite materials. Laminated materials. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Information Technology > Informatics Engineering > 55201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Joko Ade Nugroho |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2021 23:25 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2021 23:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/57249 |
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