Saputro, Imang Eko (2018) Optimasi Topologi pada Geometri Frame “Impulse RC Alien 4 Inch”Racing Quadcopter dengan Material Polylactic Acid Hasil 3D Printing. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Racing quadcopter adalah UAV jenis quadcopter yang didesain memiliki kecepatan sangat tinggi. Sehingga frame racing quadcopter umumnya dari material karbon fiber yang terkenal ringan dan sangat kaku. Tapi sangat mahal harganya, sehingga perlu adanya alternatif material lain seperti polylactic acid (PLA). Namun frame dari PLA harus melalui proses optimasi untuk mendapatkan keringanan dan kekakuan yang relatif sama dengan frame dari karbon fiber. Salah satu metode optimasi struktural yang dapat digunakan adalah optimasi topologi. Meskipun metode ini menghasilkan detail geometri yang cukup kompleks sehingga sulit untuk manufaktur konvensional, tapi dengan berkembangnya teknologi addictive manufacturing atau 3D printing, geometri yang kompleks tidak lagi menjadi masalah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil simulasi tegangan dan deformasi total dari racing quadcopter dengan frame karbon fiber, frame PLA, frame PLA setelah dioptimasi topologi, dan juga hasil realisasi desain akhir dengan 3D printing.
Tahapan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari proses pemodelan quadcopter, simulasi tahap awal menggunakan simulasi static structural dengan software elemen hingga yang meliputi pendefinisian model, meshing, set up constaint, dan analisis hasil. Lalu dilanjutkan dengan simulasi optimasi topologi terhadap frame dengan massa retain 50%, 60%, 70%, dan 80% untuk kemudian dilakukan desain ulang pada keempat model tersebut. Setelah itu simulasi tahap akhir dengan metode yang sama dengan simulasi tahap awal untuk keempat model frame hasil desain ulang, dan kemudian analisis hasil akhir dilakukan untuk menentukan “desain terbaik”. Selanjutnya realisasi model dengan menggunakan 3D printer, uji coba model secara langsung di lapangan, dan evaluasi hasil.
Simulasi tahap awal didapatkan bahwa existing frame memiliki massa total dan deformasi total maksimum standar berturut-turut 74,13 gram dan 0,14678 mm. Jika mengganti material existing frame dengan PLA, maka ketebalan tiap komponen frame harus diperbesar hingga dua kali untuk mencapai deformasi total maksimum standar. Topologi dengan massa retain 80%,70%, 60%, dan 50% menghasilkan massa berturut-turut 87,88, 82,27, 74,11, 67,85 gram dengan deformasi total maksimum berturut-turut 0,13318, 0,14106, 0,1463, 0,20839 mm sehingga desain “terbaik” adalah desain ulang dengan massa retain 60%. Realisasi terhadap desain ini dapat dilakukan dan berhasil diuji coba meski dengan beberapa evaluasi.
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The racing quadcopter is kind of UAV which is designed for high speed. Frame of racing quadcopter is generally manufactured from carbon fiber material because of its light-weightiness and stiffness, however, it is very expensive. So alternative material, like polylactic acid (PLA) is significantly considered. However polylactic acid frame needs some optimization process to reach relatively same mass and stiffness with the carbon fiber one. One of the structural optimization methods that can be used to solve this case is topology optimization. Although this method will devise very complex details in geometry which is difficult for conventional manufacturing, however, the development of additive manufacturing technology nowadays has changed the complex-geometry structures models as a piece of cake. The purposes of this research are obtaining stress and total deformation simulation result of the racing quadcopter with carbon fiber frame, PLA frame, PLA frame after optimization and also manufacturing “best design” frame using the 3D printer.
Stages of the research are started from the quadcopter modeling process, initial simulation using the static structural simulation of finite element software which is consists of model defining, meshing, setting up constraint, and analysis of results. Continued by topology optimization simulation with varying retain mass on 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% then redesigning those four models. The next stage is the final simulation on the after-redesigning models using the same method as the initial simulation, then the final analysis is established to achieve “The best design”. The last stage is model manufacturing using 3D printer, field testing, and result evaluation.
The initial simulation show that the existing frame has standard total mass and maximum total deformation 74.13 gram and 0,14678 mm respectively. If the material is changed to polylactic acid, doubling the thickness of each frame component is needed to reach the standard maximum total deformation. Topology optimization for retain mass 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% produce total mass 87.88, 82.27, 74.11, 67.85 gram respectively and maximum total deformation 0.13318, 0.14106, 0.1463, 0.20839 mm respectively, so “The best design” is achieved from establishing redesign of 60% retain mass. Then both “The best design” manufacturing and field testing are done well although with some evaluations.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | UAV, Frame, Quadcopter, Polylactic Acid, Optimasi Topologi, Addictive Manufacturing, 3D Printing, meshing, retain, Elemen Hingga |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA347 Finite Element Method T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA645 Structural analysis (Engineering) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Imang Eko Saputro |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Aug 2021 23:49 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Aug 2021 23:49 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/57872 |
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