Arifin, Nurul Laili (2015) Pengaruh Sonikasi Bertahap dalam Proses Degradasi Kitosan terhadap Komposisi Dan Properti Produk. Masters thesis, Institut Technology Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Proses degradasi kitosan dengan berat molekul tinggi melalui sonikasi bertahap telah
dilakukan. Tujuan dari proses sonikasi bertahap adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jumlah
tahapan sonikasi terhadap sifat fisis (derajat kristalinitas) dan sifat kimia (berat molekul dan
derajat deasitilasi) terhadap produk degradasi dan memperoleh kondisi proses degradasi
sonikasi bertahap sehingga dihasilkan glukosamin dengan persen yield yang tinggi. Sebelum
dilakukan proses sonikasi bertahap, pada tahap 1 dilakukan analisa mengenai pengaruh
penambahan presentase amplitudo generator sonikasi terhadap sifat fisis (derajat kristalinitas)
dan sifat kimia (berat molekul dan derajat deasitilasi) baik produk terlarut maupun tidak
terlarut. Berdasarkan hasil variasi amplitudo (50-70%), semakin tinggi amplitudo maka berat
molekul kitosan semakin besar, dengan berat molekul terendah yang dapat dihasilkan adalah
248 kDa (amplitudo 50%) dan tertinggi 774 kDa (amplitudo 60%). Derajat kristalinitas
kitosan mengalami peningkatan dan derajat deasitilasi kitosan mengalami penurunan setelah
dilakukan penambahan amplitudo pada proses sonikasi. Kemudian dilakukan proses sonikasi
bertahap pada amplitudo 50% dan 60%. Pada setiap tahapan,1%(w/v) kitosan dalam 1%(v/v)
larutan asam asetat disonikasi selama 120 min pada 600C. Produk dari proses sonikasi
dideprotonasi dengan larutan NaOH, difreeze drying dan disonikasi kembali sampai diperoleh
berat molekul konstan. Struktur kitosan dengan berat molekul rendah dikarakterisasi dengan
FTIR dan XRD, untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses sonikasi bertahap terhadap derajat
deasitilasi dan derajat kristalinitas. Viskositas berat molekul rata-rata kitosan tidak terlarut
diperkirakan dengan metode viskometri sedangkan untuk oligomer chitosan (COS) ditentukan
dengan end grup analysis. Hasil analisa menunjukkkan bahwa berat molekul kitosan tidak
terlarut menurun dan didapatkan nilai optimum, (Mlim =139 kDa). Oligomer kitosan pada
kitosan terlarut memiliki rentang derajat depolimerisasi (DP) 1-3 untuk amplitudo 50% dan
60%. Derajat kristalinitas kitosan tidak terlarut meningkat dari 19% menjadi 30.25% (
amplitudo 50%) dan 33.83% (amplitudo 60%). Derajat deasitilasi kitosan turun dari 82%
menjadi 75.87 % (amplitudo 50%) dan 66.07% (amplitudo 60%). Berdasarkan hasil
persentase yield tertinggi dari hasil eksperimen terjadi pada amplitudo 60% tahap 5.
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Degradation of high molecular weight chitosan through multistages sonication has
been investigated. A scheme of multistages sonication was proposed to know the effect
multistages sonication on the physical properties (degree of crystallinity) and chemical
properties (molecular weight and degree of deacetylation) of degraded product. Prior to
multistage sonication,on stage 1, the influence of the amplitude of ultrasonic’s generator was
analyzed to know the effect amplitude on the physical properties (degree of crystallinity) and
chemical properties (molecular weight and degree of deacetylation) of degraded product.
Based on the variation of the amplitude (50-70%), it was known that the molecular weight
increase with increased amplitude, the lower molecular weight occurs at an amplitude of 50%
(248 kDa), while the largest in amplitude of 60% (774 kDa). The degree of crystallinity of
unsoluble chitosan increased and the degree of deacetylation (DD) decreased with increased
amplitude.Then, the mulistage sonication process was done on the amplitude 50% and 60%.
At each level, 1% (w/v) chitosan in 1% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid was sonicated for 120 min at
600C. The products of sonication treatment were deprotonized by adding alkali solution,
freeze dried and re-sonicated until reaching limiting molecular weight. The structures
unsoluble product were characterized with FT-IR and XRD. The viscosity of average
molecular weight of the unsoluble chitosan were estimated by a viscometric method while
that of oligomers (COS) were determined by end group analysis. The results showed that the
molecular weight of unsoluble chitosan decreased and reached limiting value, (Mlim =139
kDa). Chitosan oligomers (COS) in soluble chitosan had degree of polymerization (DP)
ranging from 1 to 3. The degree of crystallinity of unsoluble chitosan increased from 19% to
30.25% ( amplitude 50%) and to 33.83% (amplitude 60%) while the degree of deacetylation
(DD) decreased from 82% to 75.87 % (amplitude 50%) and to 66.07% (amplitude 60%). The
results obtained indicated that the highest yield of glucosamine was obtained from the
experiment undertaken at amplitude 60% stage 5.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTK 620.112 23 Ari p |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Berat molekul optimum, Derajat deasitilasi, Derajat Kristalinitas, Kitosan, Sonikasi bertahap. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr. Tondo Indra Nyata |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Nov 2018 06:21 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Nov 2018 06:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/59940 |
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