Model Pengukuran Eco-Efficiency Produksi-Konsumsi Pada Ketahanan Pangan Dengan Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik

Findiastuti, Weny (2018) Model Pengukuran Eco-Efficiency Produksi-Konsumsi Pada Ketahanan Pangan Dengan Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya pendapatan individu maupun
negara, tingkat konsumsi juga makin meningkat beserta dampak lingkungan yang
ditimbulkan. Namun, pemikiran atas sustainabilitas masih didominasi pada sisi
produksi. Begitu juga dengan penilaian performansi sustainability yang juga
masih terfokus pada sisi produksi yang tentunya hanya akan dapat memberikan
status dan pertimbangan-pertimbangan sustainability di sisi produksi saja. Sebuah
penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa sisi produksi dan konsumsi tidak dapat
dipisahkan satu sama lain, perlu adanya status dan pertimbangan-pertimbangan
produksi dan konsumsi secara sistemik yang dapat mengekspos hubungan antar
produksi-konsumsi untuk dapat menyusun strategi yang mengarah pada
sustainable production and consumption.
Eco-efficiency merupakan salah satu sustainability measurement tool yang
banyak diterapkan pada banyak perusahaan karena mengukur performansi
lingkungan sekaligus performansi ekonomi dalam satu indeks. Sayangnya tool ini
juga cenderung terfokus pada sisi produksi. Satu penelitian eco-efficiency telah
mengarah pada sustainable consumption, namun belum mampu menganalisa
produksi dan konsumsi secara sistemik.
Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamik, penelitian ini
menganalisa produksi-konsumsi secara sistemik dan mengembangkan sebuah
model pengukuran eco-efficiency produksi-konsumsi pada ketahanan pangan
berkelanjutan. Dimana pada penerapannya, satu tantangan penerapan ecoeffciency
di lingkup makro atau nasional mengharuskan diikutsertakannya
indikator-indikator sosial yang selalu menjadi pertimbangan utama dalam setiap
keputusan di lingkup pemerintahan. Selain itu, kompleksitas antar indikator di
lingkup makro tidak mungkin untuk diabaikan begitu saja dengan menganggap
bahwa tiap indikator adalah independent. Beberapa penelitian eco-efficiency di
lingkup makro belum menyertakan indikator sosial dalam perhitungan indeksnya
dan mengasumsikan bahwa tiap indikator yang digunakan adalah independent.
Sebuah model simulasi sistem dinamis dari eco-efficiency produksikonsumsi
ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan kemudian dibangun berdasarkan
eksplorasi relasi antar indikator-indikator tersebut. Semua indikator-indikator
ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan di sisi produksi dan konsumsi dihubungkan menjadi satu kesatuan sistem simulasi sistem dinamis yang kemudian di running
dalam tiga kondisi simulasi, yaitu: Business as Usual (BaU) , Single Scenario, dan
Combined Scenarios. Eco-efficiency dihitung berdasarkan rasio indeks ketahanan
pangan produksi-konsumsi terhadap nilai emisi produksi dan konsumsi.
Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah model pengukuran eco-efficiency
produksi-konsumsi ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan Indonesia beserta hasil
pengukuran dan simulasi 11 skenario kebijakan untuk mendukung penentuan
strategi selanjutnya. Model simulasi sistem dinamis dibangun dan dirunning
berdasarkan data sekunder indikator ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan Indonesia
tahun 2004-2013 dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Model kemudian di running
selama periode 2004-2025 dan dinilai berdasarkan rasio net cereal terhadap nilai
konsumsi relatif (NK ratio) harus lebih dari 1 dan nilai relatif eco-efficiency
produksi-konsumsi.
Hasil running dalam kondisi BaU menghasilkan nilai NK ratio dengan
trend menurun sebesar -1,7% dan nilai relatif eco-efficiency produksi, konsumsi
dan produksi-konsumsi yang meningkat dengan trend sebesar 2,6%, 0,65%, dan
1,19%. CLD menunjukkan bahwa kondisi BaU perlu meningkatkan luas lahan
irigasi, agri employment dan investment. Kondisi single scenario dihasilkan
skenario 5 sebagai skenario kebijakan terbaik dengan peningkatan nilai ecoefficiency
produksi-konsumsi sebesar 23,60% dari nilai kondisi BaU. Selanjutnya
pada kondisi combined scenario dihasilkan kombinasi skenario 5-8 sebagai
kombinasi skenario terbaik dengan rata-rata peningkatan terhadap kondisi BaU
sebesar 20,59%.
Berdasarkan diskusi hasil running simulasi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa
pertimbangan CLD dan nilai eco-efficiency produksi-konsumsi mampu
memberikan hasil pemilihan kebijakan yang lebih baik untuk ketahanan pangan
berkelanjutan Indonesia.
============================================================
As global increasing of individual and state income, the level of
consumption also increases along with negative environment impact
results.Unfortunately, current research on environmental management is still
focused on the production side. Assessment of sustainability performance is also
still focused on the production side that will only be able to provide sustainability
status and considerations on the production side only.
Eco-efficiency is one of the sustainability measurement tools that is
widely applied by companies because it measures environmental performance as
well as economic performance in one index. However, this tool also tends to focus
on the production side. A study concluded that the production and consumption
sides cannot be separated each other and need for systemic considerations that
can expose the relationship between production-consumption in order to adjust
strategies that lead to sustainable production and consumption. Several ecoefficiency
studies have led to sustainable consumption, but have not analyzed the
production and consumption aspects in systemic approach.
By production-consumption in systemic consideration, this research
develops an eco-efficiency measurement model on sustainable food security
measurement, which this issue has been stated as the most environment
vulnerable issue on the production and consumption side. However, measuring
eco-efficiency production-consumption for macro or national scope requires the
inclusion of social indicators that are the main consideration in every decision
within the government. Moreover, complexities between indicators in macro scope
cannot be ignored by assuming that all indicators are independent. Some ecoefficiency
studies in the macro scope have not included the social indicators in
their index calculations and assumed that all indicators used are independent.
Answering the research gap, a dynamic system simulation model of ecoefficiency
production-consumption of sustainable food security is built on the
exploration of relations between these indicators. All economic, social and
environmental indicators on the production and consumption side are linked
together dynamic system simulation system which is then run in three simulation
conditions: Business as Usual (BaU), Single Scenaro, and Combined Scenario.
Through Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) there are 6 loops that can be generated
which illustrates 6 complexities in the system. The model has been built and run for BPS secondary data of Indonesian Sustainable Food Security data in 2004-
2013. The running has been done for 2004-2025 period and evaluated for NK
ratio > 1 and relative value of eco-efficiency production-consumption. The
simulation has been done for 3 stages as Business As Usual (BaU), Single
Scenario, and Combined Scenario Conditions to measure and simulate
appropriate strategies based on the measurement result.
This research resulted a measurement model of production-consumption
eco-efficiency on Indonesian sustainable food security completed with the
measurement result and simulation of 11 policy-scenarios due to the masurement
result. The simulation running in BaU condition resulted in NK ratio value > 1 in
2004-2010 and decreasing for -1.7%. Relative eco-efficiency value of production,
consumption and production-consumption resulted in increasing trends of 2.6%,
0.65%, and 1.19%. With the complexity analysis, it can be shown that the
condition of BaU needs irrigation area, agri employment and investment. The
condition of single scenario resulted in scenario 5 as the best policy scenario with
the increase of eco-efficiency production-consumption value 23.6% from BaU
condition value. Furthermore, in Combined Scenario conditions, a combination of
scenario 5-8 was combined as the best scenario combination with an increase in
BaU condition by 20.59%.
Based on result discussion, it can be concluded that eco-efficiency
production-consumption in systemic approach and CLD analysis give better
consideration in adjusting strategies than production side mesurement only.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Additional Information:	RDI Fin m
Uncontrolled Keywords:	eco-efficiency, produksi-konsumsi, ketahanan pangan, sistem dinamik, eco-efficiency, production-consumption, food security, sistem dynamic.
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD56.25 Industrial efficiency--Measurement. Industrial productivity--Measurement.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Industrial Engineering > 26001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	ansi aflacha
Date Deposited:	28 Nov 2018 03:33
Last Modified:	28 Nov 2018 03:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/60034

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