Nadhirawaty, Rizqi (2019) Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Hidrokarbon di Lokasi Pembongkaran Kapal Kabupaten Bangkalan, Madura. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Aktivitas pembongkaran kapal di Tanjung Jati, Kabupaten Bangkalan menyebabkan tanah di lokasi kegiatan menjadi tercemar hidrokarbon akibat dari ceceran atau tumpahan solar, oli, dan gemuk. Kehadiran hidrokarbon dalam tanah pada konsentrasi yang tinggi menyebabkan kerusakan fisik-kimia tanah. Penyisihan senyawa hidrokarbon pada tanah dapat dilakukan dengan bioremediasi menggunakan mikroorganisme pengurai hidrokarbon. Penggunaan konsorsium bakteri memberikan hasil yang lebih baik untuk memulihkan tanah tercemar hidrokarbon.
Ketersediaan oksigen sangat penting dalam proses bioremediasi tanah tercemar hidrokarbon. Oksigen dalam tanah dapat ditingkatkan dengan memperbesar porositas tanah maupun dengan suplai udara (aerasi). Penambahan bulking agent, seperti pasir dan serbuk gergaji, dapat meningkatkan porositas tanah. Pasir dapat memberikan hasil yang baik pada proses bioremediasi tanah tercemar hidrokarbon secara natural attenuation. Serbuk gergaji memiliki kemampuan menyerap minyak mentah yang tinggi dan biasa digunakan sebagai bahan organik tambahan dalam bioremediasi tanah tercemar hidrokarbon.
Tanah Lokasi 1 dan Lokasi 2 dari Tanjung Jati, Kabupaten Bangkalan merupakan pasir berlempung agak alkali dengan kandungan nutrien yang rendah, kecuali senyawa fosfor. Kedua contoh tanah uji tercemar berat oleh hidrokarbon, Fe, dan Mn. Kandungan TPH kedua lokasi melebihi batas maksimum 1%, yaitu pada Lokasi 1 berkisar 7,29%, sedangkan pada Lokasi 2 berkisar 9,51%. Batas kritis tanah untuk Fe < 3,4 mg/kg dan Mn < 1,2 mg/kg. Kandungan Fe dan Mn pada Lokasi 1 adalah Fe 703,1 mg/kg, Mn 45,2 mg/kg, sedangkan pada Lokasi 2 Fe 226,3 mg/kg, Mn 54,1 mg/kg.
Hasil uji bioremediasi setelah 42 hari pada kedua tanah uji menunjukkan penambahan bulking agent, larutan surfaktan (Tween 80), pupuk urea dan superfosfat, konsorsium Acinetobacter lwoffii dan Bacillus subtilis secara signifikan memberikan pengaruh terhadap penurunan konsentrasi TPH, Fe, Mn, Pb secara keseluruhan, namun adanya aerasi secara intermitten tidak memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan. Penyisihan TPH, Fe, Mn, dan Pb terbaik pada kedua tanah uji secara bioremediasi diperoleh dengan penambahan serbuk gergaji sebagai bulking agent. Penambahan serbuk gergaji pada tanah uji Lokasi 1 dan Lokasi 2 masing-masing menurunkan kandungan TPH sebesar 97,43% dan 92,39% dengan fraksi hidrokarbon di akhir uji bioremediasi terdiri dari C12-C20.
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Ship dismantling activities in Tanjung Jati, Kabupaten Bangkalan cause the soil contaminated by hydrocarbon that could be from diesel, oil, and grease spill. High concentration of hydrocarbon causes the soil quality decreased. Hydrocarbon removal in soil could be conducted by bioremediation using microorganism hydrocarbon degrader. Usage bacteria consortium for remediation of hydrocarbon soil contaminated provides better result at the end of treatment.
The presence of oxygen is important for hydrocarbon soil contaminated bioremediation process. Oxygen content in soil could be increased by expand the soil porosity or by air injection (aeration). The bulking agent adding, such as sand and sawdust could increase the porosity. The presence of sand shows good result for hydrocarbon removal from soil at the end treatment by natural attenuation. Sawdust has high level of absorbing crude oil and it usually use as organic amendement in hydrocarbon soil contaminated bioremediation treatment.
Soil 1 and Soil 2 from Tanjung Jati, Bangkalan categorized as slightly alkaline sandy loam with low nutrient component, except phosphorus compound. Both soil samples were highly polluted of hydrocarbon, Fe, and Mn. TPH of both soil samples were more than 1%, Soil 1 about 7,29% and Soil 2 about 9,51%, respectively. Soil critical level of Fe < 3,4 mg/kg and Mn < 1,2 mg/kg. Fe and Mn concentration of Soil 1 about 703,1 mg/kg and Mn 45,2 mg/kg, respectively. Also Fe and Mn concentration of Soil 2 about 226,3 mg/kg and Mn 54,1 mg/kg, respectively.
After bioremediation for 42 days, both soil sampels exhibit bulking amandement, surfactant solution (Tween 80), nutrient amandement, also consortium of Acinetobacter lwoffii and Bacillus subtilis significantly decreased the concentration of TPH, Fe, Mn, Pb overall, but using intermitten aeration did not significantly increased the bioremediation performance. The highest removal of contaminant in both soil samples were achieved by sawdust amendement. Sawdust amandement in Soil 1 and Soil 2 decreased TPH level 97,43% and 92,39%, respectively with hydrocarbon fraction after bioremediation was C12-C20.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Additional Information: | RTL 628.55 Nad b-1 2019 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | aerasi, bulking agent, Fe, konsorsium bakteri, Mn, Pb, TPH |
Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.5 Bioremediation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation |
Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
Depositing User: | Rizqi Nadhirawaty |
Date Deposited: | 19 Sep 2021 05:17 |
Last Modified: | 19 Sep 2021 05:17 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/60471 |
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