Utami, Intania Mitra (2019) Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Proses Pengolahan Air di IPAM "X" Dengan Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kegiatan proses produksi air minum di IPAM “X” masih dilakukan secara konvensional. Pengolahan air di IPAM “X” terdiri dari proses intake, sumur penyeimbang, pompa air baku, aerasi, prasedimentasi, koagulasi-flokulasi, sedimentasi, filter , desinfeksi dan reservoir. Proses pengolahan air secara konvensional merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang berdampak terhadap lingkungan akibat konsumsi energi dan pengunaan bahan kimia. Konsumsi energi dapat berupa penggunaan pompa, backwash filter dan valve serta penggunaan bahan kimia berupa koagulan seperti alum atau tawas (AL2(SO4)3) serta penggunaan klorin sebagai desinfektan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengindentifikasi dampak pada serangkaian proses pada IPAM “X” dengan melakukan pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dan menentukan solusi untuk mengurangi dampak terhadap lingkungan hasil pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) pada proses pengolahan air di IPAM “X”.
Penelitian ini mengindentifikasi dampak yang disebabkan dari proses pengolahan air di IPAM “X” terhadap lingkungan dengan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) merupakan suatu metode untuk menganalisis dampak suatu produk terhadap lingkungan sepanjang siklus hidupnya. Pada penelitian ruang lingkup LCA yang digunakan adalah Cradle to Gate. Siklus ini dimulai dari penyediaan dan pemanfaatan bahan baku hingga proses sebelum ke distribusi pelanggan. Tahap pertama pada LCA adalah menyusun dan menginventarisasi masukan dan keluaran yang berhubungan dengan produk yang akan dihasilkan. Tahapan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), yaitu Goal dan Scope, Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Impact Assessment, Interpretation Data, dan kemudian dilakukan pemilihan alternatif yang cocok untuk mengatasi masalah yang ditimbulkan. Dampak yang dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah Ozone Layer Depletion, Global Warming dan Respiratory Inorganics. Pemilihan prioritas ini dikarenakan ketiga hal tersebut sangat berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Software yang dapat digunakan untuk menginput dan menginvetarisasi data dengan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) adalah software SimaPro 8.5. Hasilnya akan mengkalkulasi input seperti kuantitas dan kualitas bahan baku dan menghasilkan output suatu nilai grafik.
Hasil penelitian pada masing-masing proses berbeda. Dampak berasal dari pengunaan koagulan jenis aluminum sulfat (tawas), pengunaan klorin sebagai desinfektan dan konsumsi listrik. Dampak yang dihasilkan adalah Global Warming sebesar 658911,5 kg CO2, Respiratory Inorganics sebesar 250,1 kg PM2.5,dan Ozone Layer Depletion sebesar 0,015 kg CFC-11. Setelah diketahui dampaknya maka dilakukan analisis alternatif yang dapat digunakan pada masing-masing kegiatan. Terdapat 3 alternatif yang direncanakan yaitu optimalisasi penggunaan koagulan sintetik jenis alum, menggunakan energi terbarukan pada sebagian supply energi listrik di IPAM “X”, dan substusi desinfektan jenis klor dengan garam hipoklorit. Alternatif terbaik yang dihasilkan hasil analisis menggunakan metode AHP adalah penggunaan energi terbarukan pada sebagian supply energi listrik di IPAM “X” untuk mengurangi dampak global warming.
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Drinking water production process in IPAM (Water Treatment Plant) "X" is still done conventionally. Water treatment in IPAM "X" includes intake, balancing wells, raw water pumps, aeration, pre-sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, filters, disinfection and reservoir. Conventional processing has some environmental impacts due to energy consumption and use of chemicals. Energy consumption takes form in the use of pumps, backwash filters, valves and the use of chemicals in coagulants such as alum (AL2(SO4)3) and the use of chlorine as a disinfectant. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of water treatment process in IPAM "X" using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and to determine solutions to reduce the impact on the environment resulting from the approach by LCA.
This research identified the impact caused by the water treatment process in IPAM "X" on the environment using the LCA method. LCA is a method use to analyze the impact of a product on the environment throughout its life cycle. In this study the scope of LCA used is “Cradle to Gate”. This cycle starts from the supply and utilization of raw materials to the process before distribution to customers. The first stage in LCA is to arrange and inventorize the inputs and outputs related to the product to be produced. Stages of LCA are Goal and Scope, Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Impact Assessment, Data Interpretation. This is followed by a selection of suitable alternatives to overcome the problems caused. There are 14 impact categories, but this study focuses only on three, which are Ozone Layer Depletion, Global Warming and Respiratory Inorganics. Software that can be used to input and inventorize data using LCA method is the SimaPro 8.5 software. The results will calculate input such as the quantity and quality of raw materials and produce output in the form of a graph value.
The result of the research on each process is different. The environmental impacts come from the use of coagulants such as PAC (Polyaluminium chloride) and aluminum sulfate (alum), the use of chlorine as a disinfectant, and electricity consumption. The biggest impact that is produced is Global Warming which produces 658,911.5 kgCO2, Respiratory Inorganics which produces 250,1 kg PM2.5, and Ozone Layer Depletion which produces 0,015 kg CFC-11. After the impact is known, alternative solutions that can be implemented in each activity are analyzed. There are three planned alternatives, namely the optimization of the use of synthetic coagulant alum, using renewable energy in a part of the electricity supply in IPAM "X", and substituting disinfectant chlorine with hypochlorite salt. The best alternative produced by the analysis using the AHP method is the use of renewable energy in a part of the electricity supply in IPAM "X" to reduce Global Warming impact.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSL 333.714 Uta a-1 2019 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Alternatif, Emisi, Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), dan SimaPro |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174.5 Technology--Risk assessment. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses |
| Depositing User: | Intania Mitra Utami |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jun 2021 08:05 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jun 2021 08:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/60724 |
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