Da Costa, Madalena (2019) Studi Penurunan Kadar Logam Kromium (Cr)Dalam Limbah Buatan Elektroplating Menggunakan Metode Presipitasi dan Adsorpsi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Logam kromium (Cr) merupakan salah satu logam yang bersifat sangat toksik bagi manusia dan hewan karena sifatnya yang karsinogenik. Logam Cr ini banyak dihasilkan dari limbah industri elektroplating karena bahan utama yang digunakan dalam kegiatan plating logam menggunakan larutan kromium. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui efisiensi kombinasi metode presipitasi dan adsorpsi dalam pengolahan limbah elektroplating secara batch dan kontinyu di Laboratorium, kemudian menganalisis isotherm dan kinetika adsorpsi karbon aktif yang digunakan, selanjutnya menentukan desain kolom scale up.
Dalam penelitian ini, untuk adsorpsi digunakan arang tempurung kelapa yang telah diaktivasi menggunakan asam sulfat (H2SO4). Variasi ukuran adsorben yang digunakan adalah 8 mesh (3,60 mm), 10 mesh (2,00 mm), dan 12 mesh (1,70 mm). Karbon aktif sebelum dan sesudah digunakan sebagai adsorben dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode SEM-EDX. Penurunan kadar Cr dalam sampel limbah dilakukan dengan menambahkan Ca(OH)2 sebagai presipitan. Selanjutnya efluen proses presipitasi dilanjutkan proses adsorpsi menggunakan variasi ukuran dan massa adsorben, konsentrasi Cr, dan waktu adsorpsi. Analisis kandungan logam Cr menggunakan metode AAS. Adsorpsi sistem kontinyu dilakukan berdasarkan efisiensi penyisihan optimum yang diperoleh pada sistem batch.
Hasil karakterisasi karbon aktif tempurung kelapa sebelum adsorpsi mengandung pori yang teratur dan terdistribusi merata pada permukaan adsorben dan digunakan dalam adsorpsi pori yang terbentuk sebelumnya dan telah tertutupi oleh logam Cr pada permukaan adsorben. Efisiensi penurunan kadar Cr pada presipitasi terjadi pada pH optimum 9 adalah dengan penurunan kadar Cr sebesar 76,42% dari konsentrasi awal Cr yang adalah 98,07 mg/l. Efisiensi penurunan kadar Cr pada proses adsorpsi sistem batch adalah 97,39% pada konsentrasi larutan 11,52 mg/l, dan massa adsorben adalah 8 gram dengan ukuran adsorben 12 mesh (2,37 mm). Isotherm adsorpsi yang terjadi mengikuti persamaan Freundlich sedangkan kinetika adsorpsi mengikuti persamaan reaksi orde satu. Efisiensi penyisihan optimum pada proses proses kontinyu adalah 98.95% pada perlakuan awal dengan ketinggian media 40 cm dan konsentrasi larutan Cr 11,52 mg/l. Perhitunga desain kolom scale up yang diperoleh adalah kapasitas air yang dapat diolah sebesar 0,05 BV/jam dengan densitas adsorben sebesar 529,20 kg/m3 dan jumlah volume terolah per massa adsorben adalah 29,4 liter/kg.
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Chromium (Cr) is a very toxic metal to humans and animals due to its carcinogenic nature. Cr is mostly produced from electroplating industrial waste as the main material used in metal plating activities is Cr solution. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of the combination of precipitation and adsorption methods in batch and continuous electroplating waste treatment in the laboratory, thereafter analyze the isotherm and the adsorption kinetics of the activated carbon used subsequently determine the scale up column design.
This study used coconut shell charcoal which was activated using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for adsorption. The size variations of the adsorbent used were 8 mesh (3.60 mm), 10 mesh (2.00 mm), and 12 mesh (1.70 mm). Activated carbon was characterized using the SEM-EDX method before and after use as an adsorbent. Reduction level of Cr in samples occurred by adding Ca(OH)2 as a precipitant. Furthermore, the effluent of the precipitation was processed towards adsorption using size and mass variations of the adsorbent, Cr concentration, and adsorption time. Analysis of Cr metal content was carried out by using AAS method. Continuous adsorption was carried out based on the optimum removal efficiency obtained in a batch system.
Characterization result of activated carbon from coconut shell before adsorption contained regular and evenly distributed pores on the surface of the adsorbent. After adsorption, the pores previously formed were covered by Cr metal on the surface of the adsorbent. The removal efficiency of Cr level through precipitation occurred at optimum pH 9 with Cr reduction of 76.42% from the initial Cr concentration which was 98.07 mg/L. The removal efficiency of Cr in the batch system adsorption process was 97.39% at a solution concentration of 11.52 mg/L. Adsorbent mass was 8 grams with a size of 12 mesh adsorbent (2.37 mm). The adsorption isotherm occurred, following the Freundlich equation while the adsorption kinetics following the first order reaction equation. The optimum removal efficiency in the continuous process was 98.95% in the initial treatment with a media height of 40 cm and Cr solution concentration of 11.52 mg/L. The scale up column design obtained at the capacity of treated water of 0.05 BV/hour with an adsorbent density of 529.20 kg/m3 and the quantity of treated volume per adsorbent mass was 29.4 liters/kg.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTL 628.362 Dac s-1 2019 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Keyword: Adsorption, activated carbon, chromium (Cr), precipitation, coconut shell. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD767.7 Sewage sludge treatment and disposal |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Civil Engineering > 22101-(S2) Master Theses |
| Depositing User: | Madalena Da Costa |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jul 2021 15:18 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jul 2021 15:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/60877 |
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