Perencanaan Unit Pengolahan Lumpur Aluminium di IPAM

Amaliasari, Maulida (2019) Perencanaan Unit Pengolahan Lumpur Aluminium di IPAM. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum X adalah instalasi penyedia air minum yang menggunakan tawas (Al2(SO4)3) sebagai zat koagulan. Proses koagulasi dan flokulasi ini menghasilkan sisa lumpur yang mengandung senyawa aluminium. Aluminium merupakan logam berat yang mampu mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Berdasarkan kondisi eksisting, lumpur alum yang dihasilkan di IPAM tidak dilakukan pengolahan secara intensif untuk mereduksi senyawa alum yang terkandung di dalam lumpur. Kondisi pipa penyaluran lumpur ke holding tank yang mengalami kerusakan menyebabkan lumpur alum yang dihasilkan langsung dibuang ke badan air. Pembuangan lumpur alum langsung ke dalam badan air dapat menyebabkan pencemaran dan mengganggu ekosistem biota air. Logam berat yang terlarut di dalam air dapat terdistribusi melalui rantai makanan dan berbahaya jika terkonsumsi dalam jangka yang panjang. Dalam rangka implementasi pengolahan lumpur aluminium, maka dilakukan perencanaan dengan beberapa alternatif pengolahan.
Metode yang digunakan untuk teknologi recovery alum adalah proses asidifikasi. Proses asidifikasi adalah proses pengolahan lumpur dengan menambahkan asam kuat yaitu H2SO4. Tujuan dari proses asidifikasi adalah melarutkan kembali aluminium yang terkandung dalam lumpur. Senyawa larutan aluminium yang telah terpisahkan akan dimanfaatkan kembali untuk proses koagulasi dan flokulasi. Perencanaan pengolahan lumpur aluminium dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan biaya pengolahan lumpur aluminium apabila diolah oleh PT Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Industri (PPLi). Tujuan tugas akhir ini adalah merencanakan basic design unit pengolahan lumpur aluminium IPAM dan menghitung perbandingan biaya pengolahan antara metode asidifikasi dan biaya pengolahan PPLi.
Unit pengolahan lumpur aluminium terdiri dari sumur pengumpul, bak pengaduk cepat, gravity thickener, bak penampung dekantan, bak pengaduk hidrolis serta sludge drying bed. Biaya investasi untuk pengolahan lumpur aluminium menggunakan metode asidifikasi lebih mahal yaitu sebesar Rp 395.097.276,00 dibandingkan dengan pengolahan PPLi yang membutuhkan biaya investasi Rp 87.450.298,91. Sedangkan untuk biaya yang dikeluarkan pertahunnya, pengolahan PPLi membutuhkan biaya pengolahan yang lebih besar yaitu Rp 117.430.079.281 /tahun daripada pengolahan metode asidifikasi yang hanya membutuhkan biaya operational maintenance sebesar Rp 4.355.945.867,00 /tahun.
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The X Water Treatment Plant is a drinking water supply
installation that uses alum (Al2(SO4)3) as a coagulant substance.
This coagulation and flocculation process produce residual sludge
containing aluminum compounds. Aluminum is a heavy metal that
can pollute the environment if it is not processed. Based on the
existing conditions, the alum sludge produced at WTP was not
intensively processed to reduce alum compounds contained in the
sludge. The sludge pipe that connected to holding tank was leaked
therefore the alum sludge that produced at WTP directly discharge
into the river. The direct disposal into the river can cause pollution
and disrupt aquatic biota ecosystems. Heavy metals that dissolved
in water can be distributed through the food chain and dangerous
if consumed in a long time. In the framework of implementing
aluminum sludge processing, planning is carried out with several
processing alternatives.
The method used for alum recovery technology is the
acidification process. The acidification process is the process of
sludge treatment by adding strong acids such as H2SO4. The
purpose of the acidification process is to redissolve aluminum in
the sludge. Aluminum solution compounds that has been
separated will be reused for the process of coagulation and
flocculation. The planning of aluminum sludge treatment is
continued with the calculation of the cost of processing aluminum
sludge if processed by PT Prasadha Pamunah Industrial Waste
(PPLi). The aim of this final project is to plan the basic design of
the X WTP aluminum sludge treatment unit and compare the cost
between acidification method and alum treatment by PPLi.
The X Water Treatment Plant is a drinking water supply
installation that uses alum (Al2(SO4)3) as a coagulant substance.
This coagulation and flocculation process produce residual sludge
containing aluminum compounds. Aluminum is a heavy metal that
can pollute the environment if it is not processed. Based on the
existing conditions, the alum sludge produced at WTP was not
intensively processed to reduce alum compounds contained in the
sludge. The sludge pipe that connected to holding tank was leaked
therefore the alum sludge that produced at WTP directly discharge
into the river. The direct disposal into the river can cause pollution
and disrupt aquatic biota ecosystems. Heavy metals that dissolved
in water can be distributed through the food chain and dangerous
if consumed in a long time. In the framework of implementing
aluminum sludge processing, planning is carried out with several
processing alternatives.
The method used for alum recovery technology is the
acidification process. The acidification process is the process of
sludge treatment by adding strong acids such as H2SO4. The
purpose of the acidification process is to redissolve aluminum in
the sludge. Aluminum solution compounds that has been
separated will be reused for the process of coagulation and
flocculation. The planning of aluminum sludge treatment is
continued with the calculation of the cost of processing aluminum
sludge if processed by PT Prasadha Pamunah Industrial Waste
(PPLi). The aim of this final project is to plan the basic design of
the X WTP aluminum sludge treatment unit and compare the cost
between acidification method and alum treatment by PPLi.
iv

The aluminum sludge processing units consist of sump
well, flash mixer, slow mixer, gravity thickener, decanting storage
tanks, hidrolic mixer and sludge drying beds. The investment cost
for processing aluminum sludge using the acidification method is
more expensive, which is Rp 395,097,276.00 compared to PPLi
processing which requires an investment cost of Rp
87.450.298.91,00. For the annual cost, PPLi processing requires a
larger processing fee of Rp 117,430,079,281/year compared to the
processing of the acidification method which only requires
operational and maintenance costs of Rp 4,355,945,867.00 /year

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Additional Information:	RSL 628.1 Ama p-I-1 2019
Uncontrolled Keywords:	asidifikasi, lumpur alum, recovery alum.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD395 Reservoirs (water supply) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Maulida Amaliasari
Date Deposited:	07 Oct 2021 07:41
Last Modified:	02 Jul 2025 07:39
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/61310

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