Pra Desain Pabrik Ethylene Dari Low Rank Coal

Wismayadi, Ricky Utama Putra and Riskullah, Faiz (2019) Pra Desain Pabrik Ethylene Dari Low Rank Coal. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 02211646000015_ 02211646000018_Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 October 2023. Download (2MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Ethylene atau etena (rumus kimia C2H4 atau H2C=CH2) merupakan salah satu mata rantai penting dalam industri petrokimia dan merupakan bahan baku terbesar yang digunakan industri petrokimia. Menurut Riset Pasar dan Tren Harga Industri Petrokimia, kebutuhan ethylene di Indonesia mengalami defisit sebesar 1200 KTPA (Kilo Tonnes Per Annum) Ton pada tahun 2021.
Ethylene dapat diproduksi dari metana CH4 yang dapat dihasilkan dari konversi batubara menjadi produk gas dengan menggunakan proses gasifikasi. Pemilihan pengunaan batubara sebagai bahan baku pembuatan Ethylene disebabkan karena besarnya potensi sumber daya batubara di Indonesia (64% kadar kalori sedang, 30% kalori rendah, dan sisanya sebanyak 1% kalori tinggi dan kalori sangat). Untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya yang melimpah ini, pengembangan industri kimia dasar berbasis batubara memiliki prioritas tinggi untuk dikembangkan sehingga dapat mengingkatkan nilai jual batubara. Selama ini batubara di Indonesia hanya digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembangkit listrik (end user).
Proses pembuatan Ethylene dari batubara terdiri dari tiga subsistem, yakni gasifikasi, pembentukan SNG (Subtitute Natural Gas) yang kaya akan CH4, dan terakhir proses pembentukan ethylene. Untuk subsistem gasifikasi, proses High Temperature Winkler (HTW) dipilih berdasarkan jenis batubara (low rank/lignite) dan suhu ash softening (tinggi). Untuk subsistem pembentukan SNG, lisensor Lurgi dipilih berdasarkan efisiensi energi dan faktor ekonomi. Terakhir, untuk subsistem pembentukan ethylene dipilih proses Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM), karena OCM merupakan satu-satunya proses yang sesuai dengan umpan yang masuk kedalam subsistem ethylene berupa SNG.
Proses diawali dari persiapan bahan baku batubara kualtas rendah (low rank). Agar sesuai dengan spesifikasi gasifier, perlu dilakukan pre-treatment pada batubara. Pre-treatment ini meliputi penghancuran dan penghalusan batubara, menurunkan moisture content, dan menaikkan tekanan batubara untuk menyesuaikan dengan tekanan operasi gasifier. Di gasifier terjadi berbagai macam reaksi yang dibagi tiga zona (secara berurutan), yakni zona devolatilisasi, zona pembakaran, dan zona gasifikasi.
Gas sintesis (syngas) hasil gasifikasi batubara di gasifier kemudian dilakukan treatment yang bertujuan untuk menyesuaikan spesifikasi umpan (feed), meliputi menghilangkan ash yang tersisa, penghilangan H2S, dan mengendalikan kadar CO2 sebelum dibawa ke Metanator. Hasil dari Metanator adalah berupa SNG (Substitute Natural Gas) yang kemudian di treatment, yakni pengendalian jumlah H2O dalam umpan dan penyesuaian suhu umpan sebelum diproses reaktor OCM. Hasil dari reaktor OCM adalah terbentuknya ethylene (fase gas) dari metana yang terkandung di SNG. Proses selanjutnya, gas mengandung ethylene ini didinginkan di chilling train dan disuling untuk memisahkan metana, etana, ethylene, dan zat pengotor lain tersisa yang tidak ikut bereaksi. Ethylene menjadi produk utama, sementara metana dan etana menjadi produk sampingan
================================================================================================
Ethylene or ethene (chemical formula C2H4 or H2C = CH2) is one of the important links in the petrochemical industry and is the largest raw material used in the petrochemical industry. According to Market Research and Trends in Petrochemical Industry Prices, ethylene demand in Indonesia requires a deficit of 1200 KTPA (Kilo Tons per Year) Ton in 2021.
Ethylene can be released from methane CH4 which can be produced from the conversion of coal into gas products using the gasification process. The choice of coal as a raw material for making ethylene affects the potential of coal resources in Indonesia (64% medium calories, 30% low calories, and the remaining 1% high calories and very calories). To utilize this abundant resource, the development of coal-based chemical industry has a high priority to be developed to increase the selling value of coal. So far, coal in Indonesia has only been used as raw material for electricity generation (end users).
The process of making Ethylene from coal consists of three subsystems, namely gasification, the formation of SNG (Subtitute Natural Gas) which is rich in CH4, and the final process of ethylene formation. For the gasification subsystem, the High Temperature Winkler (HTW) process is selected based on the type of coal (low rating / lignite) and softening of the ash temperature (high). For the SNG subsystem, Lurgi licenses are selected based on energy efficiency and economic factors. Finally, for the subsystem to form ethylene, the Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) process is chosen, because OCM is the only process that matches the feed that enters the ethylene subsystem to form SNG.
The process starts from the preparation of low quality (low rank) coal raw materials. In order to comply with the gasifier specifications, it is necessary to pre-treat coal. This pre-treatment adds coal destruction and smoothing, decreases water content, and increases coal pressure to adjust the gasifier operating pressure. In the gasifier various reactions occur which are divided into three zones (sequentially), namely the devolatilization zone, the combustion zone, and the gasification zone.
Synthesis gas (syngas) produced by gasification of coal in the gasifier is then treated to adjust the feed specifications, including removing the remaining ash, H2S removal, and connecting CO2 levels before being taken to the Metanator. The results of the Metanator consist of SNG (Natural Gas Substitute) which is then treated, ie regulating the amount of H2O in the feed and controlling the temperature before processing the OCM reactor. The result of the OCM reactor is the formation of ethylene (gas phase) from the methane contained in SNG. The next process, this ethylene-containing gas is cooled in the chilling train and distilled to use methane, ethane, ethylene and other usable impurities. Ethylene is the main product, while methane and ethane are by-products

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Additional Information:	RSK 668.423 4 Wis p-1 2019
Uncontrolled Keywords:	batubara, ethylene, desain pabrik
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP343 Liquid and gaseous fuel
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ricky Utama Putra Wismayadi
Date Deposited:	14 Oct 2021 17:24
Last Modified:	14 Oct 2021 17:24
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/61383

Actions (login required)

View Item