Rachman, Taufiq Nur and Elli, Farris Hilmyafif (2019) Daur Ulang Plastik Botol PET (Polyethylene Terephtalate) dengan Siklus Bottle-to-Bottle. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pabrik daur ulang PET ini didirikan dengan tujuan untuk membantu menumbuhkan potensi ekonomi masyarakat di Kecamatan Trowulan, Kabupaten Mojokerto yang berekonomi kapita sebagai pengepul sampah. Bahan baku daur ulang PET ini adalah botol kemasan air mineral yang minim aditif baik pewarna maupun flame retardant. Penggunakan PET sebagian besar digunakan dalam industri makanan dan minuman, selain itu PET juga digunakan dalam industri fabrikasi industri tekstil, sedangkan sisanya digunakan dalam industri produksi lapisan thermoform, dan non-makanan,.
Proses yang digunakan dalam pendauran ulang yang akan dilakukan ini adalah proses daur ulang dengan mekanis. Proses ini memiliki dasar perlakuan pemotongan ukuran feed plastik PET. Kemudian proses dilanjut dengan pencucian dan pengondisian flake didalam reaktor Solid State Polycondensation (SSP) dan diakhiri dengan produksi granulat plastik food grade dengan mengekstrusi produk reaksi melalui ekstruder.
Pabrik daur ulang PET yang direncanakan berdiri pada tahun 2020 di Kecamatan Trowulan, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Kapasitas pabrik sebesar 1362,4 ton/tahun, memenuhi kemampuan suplai masyarakat Kecamatan Trowulan desa Kejagan.
Proses daur ulang PET diawali dengan melakukan perlakuan magnetis kepada aliran feed untuk meningkatkan kemurnian pada proses selanjutnya. Kemudian aliran feed dilanjutkan dengan proses shredding pada feed, agar feed mencapai ukuran 0.4mm hingga 6 mm. Setelah itu proses dilanjutkan dengan proses pemisahan feed terhadap label PVC yang merupakan impurities produk (label botol yang terikut shredder) dengan bantuan alat cyclone. Kemudian proses pemisahan dilanjutkan dengan metode flotasi dengan alat float and sink separator, alat ini memisahkan feed campuran PET/PP dengan menggunakan prinsip flotasi material terhadap perbandingan massa jenis bahan terhadap fluida operasi. Setelah pemisahan flotasi, proses dilanjut dengan pengeringan feed pada aliran hingga tingkat humid pada flakes PET mencapai batas toleransi 0.02% massa dari aliran. Setelah pengeringan PET direaksikan ke dalam reaktor SSP untuk meningkatkan nilai MW melalui peningkatan IV dari flakes PET menuju ke level minimum food grade. Di akhir proses, setelah reaksi dilakukan, aliran produk reactor dilanjutkan menuju extruder untuk dilelehkan dan didinginkan melalui cooler untuk menghasilkan granulat PET siap dipasarkan.
Pabrik daur ulang PET ini direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 24 jam dengan waktu produksi 300 hari/tahun. Operasi pabrik asam sitrat ini memiliki perencanaan sebagai berikut
1. Kapasitas produksi : 1362,4 ton/tahun
2. Jumlah tenaga kerja : 85 orang
3. Analisa ekonomi
• Komposisi modal : sendiri 40%, pinjaman 60%
• Bunga bank : 10,5% per tahun
• Total modal investasi : Rp. 51,048,119,196
• Total biaya produksi : Rp. 63,738,088,550
• Hasil penjualan per tahun : Rp. 59,945,600,000
• Internal Rate of Return : 26,93 %
• Pay out time : 2,8 tahun
• Break even point : 32,58 %
Dari hasil uraian diatas, ditinjau dari segi teknis maupun ekonomis, pabrik daur ulang PET ini layak untuk ditinjau lebih lanjut ke tahap perencanaan.
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This PET recycling plant was established with the aim of helping to grow the economic potential of the community in Trowulan Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency which has an economy of capita as a garbage collector. The recycled raw material for PET is a bottle of mineral water packaging that has minimal additives, either dyes or flame retardants. The use of PET is mostly used in the food and beverage industry, besides that PET is also used in the textile industry fabrication industry, while the rest is used in the industrial production of thermoform, and non-food coatings.
The process used in this recycling will be a mechanical recycling process. This process has a basic treatment for cutting the size of PET plastic feeds. Then the process is continued by washing and conditioning flakes in Solid State Polycondensation (SSP) reactors and ends with the production of food grade plastic granules by extruding the reaction products through the extruder.
The PET recycling plant is planned to be established in 2020 in Trowulan District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java. The plant capacity is 1362.4 tons / year, fulfilling the supply capacity of the community of Trowulan Subdistrict, Kejagan Village.
The PET recycling process begins by doing a magnetic treatment of the feed stream to increase purity in the next process. Then the feed flow is continued with the shredding process on the feed, so that the feed reaches the size of 0.4mm to 6mm. After that the process is continued with the process of separating feeds to PVC labels which are the product impurities (bottle labels that follow the shredder) with the help of the cyclone tool. Then the separation process is continued by the flotation method with a float and sink separator, this tool separates the feed of the PET / PP mixture by using the principle of material flotation on the density ratio of the material to the operating fluid. After flotation separation, the process is continued by drying the feed on the flow to the humid level on PET flakes reaching the tolerance limit of 0.02% by mass of the flow. After drying PET is reacted into the SSP reactor to increase MW values through increasing IV from PET flakes to the level of minimum food grade. At the end of the process, after the reaction is carried out, the reactor product flow is continued towards the extruder to be melted and cooled through the cooler to produce PET granules ready for market.
This PET recycling plant is planned to operate continuously for 24 hours with a production time of 300 days / year. The citric acid plant has the following planning
1. Production capacity: 1362.4 tons / year
2. Number of workers: 85 people
3. Economic analysis
• Capital composition: 40% own, 60% loan
• Bank interest: 10.5% per year
• Total investment capital: Rp. 51,048,119,196
• Total production costs: Rp. 63,738,088,550
• Annual sales: Rp. 59,945,600,000
• Internal Rate of Return: 26.93%
• Pay out time: 2.8 years
• Break even point: 32.58%
From the results of the description above, in terms of technical and economical aspects, this PET recycling plant is feasible to be reviewed further into the planning stage.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 670.42 Rac p-1 2019 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Desain Pabrik, Botol Plastik, PET, Polyethylene Terephtalate, Daur Ulang, Daur Ulang PET, Daur Ulang Botol Plastik, Reaksi SSP, SSP Reaction, Plastik PET |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1175.S6 Spraying Coating with plastics |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Elli Farris Hilmyafif |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Nov 2021 08:39 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2021 08:39 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/61460 |
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