Pabrik Hexamine dari Ammonia dan Formaldehyde dengan Proses Leonard

Savitri, Dyah Retno and Indah, Mega Nusantara (2019) Pabrik Hexamine dari Ammonia dan Formaldehyde dengan Proses Leonard. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Hexamethylene Tetramine (HMTA) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan hexamine memiliki penggunaan yang luas di bidang industri kimia yaitu sebagai akselerator pada industri karet, campuran TNT pada industri bahan peledak, shrink-proofing agent pada industri tekstil, bahan pelapis butiran pupuk urea, inhibitor korosi, curing agent pada industri resin, bahan baku antiseptik, serta industri serat selulosa. Indonesia sendiri hanya memiliki dua industri untuk memproduksi hexamine dan belum cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga Indonesia masih harus impor. Melihat banyaknya kegunaan hexamine dalam berbagai bidang dan perkembangan industri di Indonesia yang memanfaatkan produk ini sebagai bahan baku, maka pendirian pabrik ini sangat dibutuhkan. Pada pabrik pembuatan hexamine ini menggunakan proses Leonard fase cair-cair. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah ammonia dan formaldehida. Larutan formaldehida diumpankan bersama dengan ammonia cair ke dalam reaktor, reaktor yang digunakan adalah reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk (RATB). Pada reaktor terjadi reaksi eksotermis dan berlangsung pada suhu 30-50oC. Air pendingin digunakan untuk menjaga suhu reaktor. Produk yang keluar dari reaktor masuk dalam vaccum evaporator. Di evaporator terjadi penguapan sisa-sisa reaktan dan di crystallizer terjadi proses pengkristalan. Setelah produk keluar dari crystallizer produk di masukkan ke dalam centrifuge. Sebelum produk dikemas, produk dikeringkan terlebih dahulu pada rotary dryer. Pabrik ini direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari/tahun dengan basis 24 jam/hari. Bahan baku amonia yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 3142,34 kg/jam dan formaldehid sebesar 22351,5 kg/jam. Kebutuhan utilitas meliputi air sanitasi sebanyak 52,2 m3/hari, air pendingin sebesar 1.676,525 m3/hari, air umpan boiler sebesar 20. 639 m3/hari.
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Hexamethylene Tetramine (HMTA) or known as hexamine has extensive use in the chemical industry, namely as an accelerator in the rubber industry, TNT mixtures in the explosives industry, shrinking inspection agents in the textile industry, granular coatings, urea fertilizers, inhibitors, preservatives in the resin industry, antiseptic raw materials, and cellulose fiber industries. Indonesia itself only has two industries to produce hexamine and not enough to fulfil so that Indonesia still have to import. Seeing many benefits of hexamine in various fields and industrial developments in Indonesia that use this product as raw material, So the establishment of the plant is needed. In this hexamine manufacturing plant, the Leonard liquid-liquid phase process is used. The raw materials used are ammonia and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde solution is fed together with liquid ammonia into the reactor, the reactor used is a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Reactor occurring an exothermic reaction place at a temperature 30-50 C. Cooling water used to keep the temperature reactor. The product comes out of the reactor then enters the evaporator vaccum. There is evaporation of the remaining reactants in the evaporator and the crystallization process in the crystallizer. After products out of crystallizer , products enter into centrifuge. Before the product is packaged, the product is dried first on the rotary dryer. The plant is planned to operate continuously for 330 days/year on a 24 hour/day basis. The ammonia raw material required is 3142,34 kg/hour and formaldehyde is 22351,5 kg/hour. Utility needs include 52,2 m3/day water sanitation, 1.676,525 m3/day cooling water, and 20,639 m3/day boiler feed water.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Additional Information:	RSKI 661.34 Sav p-1 2019 3100019082471
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hexamine, ammonia, formaldehyde
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning)
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Dyah Retno Savitri
Date Deposited:	15 Dec 2025 08:42
Last Modified:	15 Dec 2025 08:42
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/64633

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