Pra-Desain Pabrik Biomethane Dari Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit

Syafrul, Syafrizal and Rahmat, Muhammad Nur (2019) Pra-Desain Pabrik Biomethane Dari Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) saat ini adalah sumber minyak nabati terbesar di dunia. Menurut laporan oil world pada tahun 2011, minyak kelapa sawit memberikan andil sekitar 27% atau 46 juta ton terhadap total minyak nabati di dunia. Limbah cair kelapa sawit atau POME merupakan produk samping (by product) pada proses pembuatan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). 1 ton tandan segar buah kelapa sawit menghasilkan kurang lebih 50% limbah POME. POME yang berasal dari pembuatan CPO dengan bahan baku tandan buah segar kelapa sawit memiliki kandungan padatan sekitar 50.000 mg/L. Limbah POME tidak dapat langsung dibuang ke lingkungan karena banyaknya kandungan senyawa kimia beracun Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) hingga lebih dari 65.000 ppm dan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) lebih dari 35.000 ppm. Salah satu pengolahan limbah POME adalah dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme dalam kondisi anaerob dan menghasilkan biogas karena POME mengandung glukosa cukup tinggi sehingga sangat potensial dimanfaatkan sebagai media fermentasi. Berdasarkan permasalahan pabrik kelapa sawit di atas yaitu dari limbah yang dihasilkan limbah POME dari pabrik CPO. Maka didirikanlah Pabrik Terintegrasi Berbasis Kelapa Sawit untuk memanfaatkan limbah yang masih sangat potensial. Namun biogas yang dihasilkan memerlukan metode upgrading yang bertujuan penghilangan karbon dioksida pada biogas menggunakan water scrubber sehingga menjadi biomethane.Proses produksi juga didukung oleh utilitas proses, antara lain kebutuhan air yang digunakan untuk sanitasi, air proses, air pendingin, listrik sebagai sumber tenaga penggerak peralatan proses dan penerangan.Proses pembuatan biogas dari limbah POME ada empat tahap, yaitu tahap pre-treatment, tahap persiapan starter, tahap digester dan tahap pemurnian. Tahap digester dilakukan pada tangki berpengaduk samping. Untuk mendirikan pabrik Biomethane dari POME diperlukan total modal investasi sebesar Rp 152.473.346.030 dengan estimasi hasil penjualan per tahun Rp 132.638.934.919 Dari perhitunan analisa ekonomi didapat internal rate of return (IRR) sebesar 25,94%, pay out time (POT) 4,78 tahun dan break even point (BEP) sebesar ¬¬¬¬20,07%. Ditinjau dari aspek teknis dan ekonomis, pabrik biomethane dari POME ini layak untuk dilanjutkan ke tahap perencanaan.
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Palm oil (CPO) is currently the largest source of vegetable oil in the world. According to the oil world report in 2011, palm oil contributed around 27% or 46 million tons to the total vegetable oil in the world. Palm oil liquid waste or POME is a by-product in the process of making Crude Palm Oil (CPO). 1 ton of fresh bunches of oil palm fruit produces approximately 50% of POME waste. POME originating from the manufacture of CPO with oil palm fresh fruit bunches raw materials has a solid content of around 50,000 mg / L. POME waste cannot be disposed of directly into the environment due to the high content of toxic chemical compounds Oxygen Demand (COD) up to more than 65,000 ppm and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of more than 35,000 ppm. One of the processing of POME waste is by utilizing microorganisms in anaerobic conditions and producing biogas because POME contains glucose high enough so that it is potentially used as a fermentation medium. Based on the problems of the palm oil mill above, that is from the waste produced by POME waste from CPO mills. So the Integrated Palm Oil Based Factory was established to utilize the potential waste. But the resulting biogas requires an upgrading method that aims to eliminate carbon dioxide in biogas using a water scrubber so that it becomes biomethane. The production process is also supported by process utilities, including water requirements used for sanitation, process water, cooling water, electricity as a source of propulsion equipment process and lighting. The process of making biogas from POME waste consists of four stages, namely the pre-treatment stage, the starter preparation stage, the digester stage and the purification stage. The digester step is carried out on a side stirred tank. To establish a Biomethane plant from POME, a total investment capital of Rp. 152,473,346,030 is required with an estimated annual sales of Rp. 132,638,934,919. From economic analysis, the internal rate of return (IRR) is 25.94%, pay out time (POT) 4,78 years and break even point (BEP) of 20.07%. In terms of technical and economic aspects, this POME biomethane plant is feasible to proceed to the planning stage.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSK 662.88 Sya p-1 2019
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodigester, Biomethane, POME
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Syafrizal Syafrul
Date Deposited:	26 Oct 2023 01:45
Last Modified:	26 Oct 2023 01:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/64875

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