Arumdati, Kita Pritasari (2019) Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Batik Menggunakan Koagulasi Kimia dan Eceng Gondok dengan Bioaugmentasi Menggunakan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Industri batik dalam skala home-industry semakin berkembang dan banyak ditemukan di seluruh Indonesia. Dengan pesatnya perkembangan industri batik, semakin banyak pula limbah tekstil yang dihasilkan. Salah satunya adalah limbah cair yang memiliki pencemar BOD, COD dan TSS yang tinggi serta mengandung berbagai macam pewarna. Zat warna dan pencemar organik tersebut dapat membahayakan lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Telah diterapkan berbagai metode untuk mengolah air limbah tekstil atau batik, salah satunya metode pengolahan kimiawi dengan proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Metode biologis juga dapat dilakukan melalui fitoremediasi atau remediasi dengan bakteri. Namun, secara terpisah, aplikasi berbagai metode tersebut menghasilkan efluen yang belum layak untuk dibuang ke badan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efisiensi penglahan air limbah batik oleh proses koagulasi-flokulasi dan pengaruh bioaugmentasi Pseudomonas aeruginosa terhadap efisiensi pengolahan dan morfologi eceng gondok. Dilakukan uji pengolahan air limbah batik dengan proses koagulasi-flokulasi dan proses biologis. Proses koagulasi menggunakan koagulan alum dilakukan selama 1 menit diikuti flokulasi selama 20 menit dan sedimentasi selama 1 jam. Proses pengolahan biologis dilakukan oleh tumbuhan air Eichhornia crassipes (eceng gondok) yang diinteraksikan dengan bakteri P.aeruginosa. Bioreaktor dioperasikan secara batch selama 7 hari. Parameter utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah BOD, COD, TSS, dan warna (absorbansi), dengan pH dan suhu sebagai parameter pendukung. Penelitian pendahuluan jar test¬ dilakukan untuk menentukan dosis optimum alum dalam proses koagulasi-flokulasi dengan variasi dosis koagulan 500 - 2500 mg/L dan variasi kecepatan koagulasi 80 rpm dan 100 rpm. Range finding test dilakukan untuk mengetahui batas maksimum konsentrasi pencemar yang dapat diolah eceng gondok. Pada penelitian utama tahap pengolahan biologis, ditetapkan variasi konsentrasi P. aeruginosa dengan volume media biakan bakteri (yang memiliki nilai OD600 > 0,6) sebanyak 5% dan 10% terhadap volume air limbah. Air limbah diambil dari Kampung Batik Jetis, Sidoarjo dan memiliki nilai pH 9,63, konsentrasi COD 8660 mg/L, BOD 899,1 mg/L, dan TSS 2720 mg/L. Uji pendahuluan jar test menghasilkan dosis optimum koagulan alum sebesar 900 mg/L yang dapat menyisihkan COD, BOD, TSS, dan warna masing-masing sebanyak 94,1%, 92,2%, 99,6%, dan 96,3%. Sementara hasil pengolahan biologis menunjukkan bahwa sistem bioaugmentasi eceng gondok dengan P. aeruginosa lebih efektif pada konsentrasi bakteri 5% yang memiliki efisiensi penysihan COD 9,8%, BOD 27,7%, TSS 60%, dan warna 61%. Sementara sistem bioreaktor dengan eceng gondok tanpa bioaugmentasi menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan terbaik, yaitu COD 45,1%, BOD 53,6%, TSS 80%, dan warna 83%. ==================================================================================================================================
Batik industry in a home-industry scale is growing and found throughout Indonesia. Rapid development of the batik industry leads to an increase in production of textile waste. One of those wastes is wastewater which contains high BOD, COD and TSS concentration as well as various kinds of dyes. These dyes and organic pollutants can harm the environment and damage human health. Various methods have been applied to treat textile or batik wastewater, one of which is a chemical method by coagulation-flocculation process. Biological methods can also be done through phytoremediation or bacterial remediation. However, separately, the application of these methods produces effluents that are not suitable to be discharged into water bodies. This study aims to determine the removal efficiency of batik wastewater treatment by coagulation-flocculation process and the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bioaugmentation on the removal efficiency by water hyacinth as well as its morphology.
The study of batik wastewater treatment was carried out by coagulation-flocculation process and biological process. The coagulation process using alum as coagulant was carried out for 1 minute followed by flocculation for 20 minutes and sedimentation for 1 hour. The phytoremediation process is carried out by Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) which is interacted with P.aeruginosa. The bioreactors are operated in a batch system for 7 days. The main parameters used in this study are BOD, COD, TSS, and color (absorbance), with pH and temperature as supporting parameters. Preliminary study using jar test was conducted to determine the optimum dose of alum in the coagulation-flocculation process using coagulant dose variations of 500–2500 mg/L and coagulation speed variations of 80 rpm and 100 rpm. Then, a range finding test was conducted to determine the maximum limit of pollutant concentration that can be treated by water hyacinth. In the biological treatment stage, variations in the concentration of P. aeruginosa were determined, with the volume of bacterial culture media (which has OD600 > 0.6) as much as 5% and 10% of the volume of wastewater.
Wastewater was taken from Kampung Batik Jetis, Sidoarjo and had a pH value of 9.63, concentrations of COD 8660 mg/L, BOD 899.1 mg/L, and TSS 2720 mg/L. The jar test preliminary study resulted in an optimum coagulant alum dosage of 900 mg/L which can remove COD, BOD, TSS, and color by 94.1%, 92.2%, 99.6%, and 96.3% respectively. Meanwhile, the results of biological treatment showed that the bioaugmented system of water hyacinth with P. aeruginosa was more effective at 5% bacterial concentration, which could remove 9.8% COD, 27.7% BOD, 60% TSS, and 61% color. On the other hand, the bioreactor system without bioaugmentation produced the best results, with removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TSS, and color reaching 45.1%, 53.6%, 80% and 83% respectively.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Aluminium Sulfat, Eichhornia crassipes, Koagulasi, Limbah Industri Batik, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.5 Bioremediation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Kita Pritasari Arumdati |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Oct 2024 01:59 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Oct 2024 01:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/66311 |
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