Wahyuda, Wahyuda (2019) Model Alokasi Pembebanan Pembangkit Listrik Menggunakan Transportation Economic Dispatch. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Restrukturisasi sistem tenaga listrik mengubah integrasi vertikal sistem tenaga listrik menjadi 3 sistem yang terpisah yaitu Sistem Pembangkit (Gencos), Sistem Transmisi (Transco), dan Sistem Distribusi (Discos). Restrukturisasi ini memberikan peluang bagi semua pihak untuk memasuki pasar listrik di Indonesia. Dari sisi pasokan, masuknya banyak pihak di sisi pembangkitan bisa berdampak positif kepada para pelanggan karena pasokan yang berlimpah. Pasokan yang berlimpah memudahkan pelanggan untuk memilih pemasok yang paling sesuai. Restrukturisasi menjadikan Transmisi diasosiasikan sebagai sebuah perusahaan di bidang transportasi yang bertugas mengirimkan produk dari produsen ke pelanggan dengan harga yang fair dan transparan bagi semua pengguna. Interaksi antara Gencos, Transcos dan Discos terjadi dalam suatu pasar listrik yang dikendalikan oleh Independent System Operator (ISO) agar didapatkan harga yang adil bagi semua pihak yang terlibat.
Terdapat 2 jenis pasar listrik yaitu sistem bilateral dan sistem pool, dimana pada kedua jenis pasar tersebut pihak Gencos akan memaksimalkan profit pada alokasi pembebanan pembangkitnya. Sistem bilateral menggunakan Price Based Dynamic Economic Dipatch (PBDED), sedangkan sistem pool mengunakan Bid Based Dynamic Economic Dispatch (BBDED). Namun, alokasi pembebanan pada kedua model tersebut belum mempertimbangkan alokasi distribusi sehingga optimasi hanya dilakukan pada sisi produksi. Tidak adanya optimasi pada sisi distribusi menyebabkan biaya sewa transmisi tidak bisa ditentukan. Hal ini disebabkan karena penghitungan biaya sewa transmisi membutuhkan distribusi detil dari suatu aliran listrik. Apabila BBDED dan PBDED dilengkapi dengan alokasi distribusi, maka kedua model tersebut bisa melakukan optimasi gabungan antara sisi produksi dan distribusi secara simultan. Optimasi pada sisi produksi dilakukan dengan memaksimalkan profit, sedangkan optimasi pada sisi distribusi dilakukan dengan meminimalkan biaya sewa transmisi.
Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan model Deregulated Transportation Economic Dispatch. Model ini merupakan penggabungan beberapa model, yaitu: model transportasi, model economic dispatch, model Price Based Dynamic Economic Dispatch, model Bid Based Economic Dispatch, dan metode Postage Stamp. Model transportasi digunakan untuk optimasi pada sisi distribusi, model economic dispatch digunakan untuk alokasi pembebanan pada sistem integrasi vertikal, model PBDED digunakan untuk alokasi pembebanan pada sistem bilateral, Model BBDED digunakan untuk alokasi pembebanan pada sistem pool, dan metode Postage Stamp digunakan untuk perhitungan biaya sewa transmisi. Gabungan semua model ini mampu menyediakan informasi harga yang objektif pada setiap pihak dengan sudut pandang maksimasi profit. Terdapat beberapa model yang dihasilkan dari penggabungan beberapa model tersebut dan dibahas pada penelitian ini, yaitu Transportation Economic Dispatch, Deregulated Transportation Economic Dispatch berbasis Price Based dynamic Economic Dispatch (DTED sistem bilateral), Deregulated Transportation Economic Dispatch berbasis Bid Based Economic Dispatch (DTED sistem pool), dan Multi Echelon Dynamic Economic Dispatch. Model usulan disimulasikan pada sistem Mahakam yang memiliki 4 pemasok listrik yaitu PLN, Independent Power Producer, Pembangkit sewa, dan Pembangkit Excess Capacity. Simulasi model dilakukan pada 5 jenis skenario. Hasilnya, DTED sistem pool memberikan keuntungan yang lebih besar dibanding DTED sistem bilateral untuk semua skenario
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Restructuring the power system imply on the changes of vertical integration into three separated systems, namely Generating System (Gencos), Transmission System (Transco), and Distribution System (Discos). These schemes provides opportunities for all parties to enter the electricity market in Indonesia. In terms of supply the influx of many parties on the generation side can have a positive impact on customers due to the abundance of power supply. This circumtances give benefit to the customers in terms of variability of choices in suppliers. Restructuring schemes in transmission can be analogue to transportation Company which transporting Products from producers to customers at fair and transparent prices. Interaction among Gencos, Transcos and Discos occurs in an electricity market controlled by the Independent System Operator (ISO) which allows fairness to stakeholders involved.
There are two types of electricity markets namely the bilateral system and the pool system, where in both types Gencos will maximize profits on the load allocation of the power plant. Bilateral systems use Price Based Dynamic Economic Dispatch (PBDED), whilst pool systems use Bid Based Dynamic Economic Dispatch (BBDED). However, both of the system do not take any account of allocation distribution so that optimization only apply on the production side. Calculating rental cost for electricity transmission require detailed information in distribution. Therefore the absence of optimization on the distribution side lead to the difficulty in determining the rental cost mentioned before. Implementing distribution allocation on BBDED and PBDED will allow calculation of optimization between production and distribution sides simultaneously. Optimizing problem on the production side has been done by maximizing profit, whilst on the distribution side minimizing the rental cost has been applied. This study combines several model i.e. transportation model, economic dispatch model, Price Based Dynamic Economic Dispatch model, Bid Based Economic Dispatch model, and Postage Stamp method. As a result this study propose a Deregulated Transportation Economic Dispatch model. Transportation model is used for optimizing the distribution side; economic dispatch model applied to calculate the loading allocation on the vertical integration system; PBDED model is used for allocation purpose in bilateral system; BBDED model is seek for allocation in the pool system; and the Postage Stamp method is used in calculating rental costs transmission.
Combination of those models enable the researcher to provide an objective price information on maximizing profit for all parties. There are several models emerge from the study namely Transportation Economic Dispatch, Deregulated Transportation Economic Dispatch based on Price Based Dynamic Economic Dispatch (bilateral DTED system), Deregulated Transportation Economic Dispatch based on Bid Based Economic Dispatch (DTED pool system), and Multi Echelon Dynamic Economic Dispatch. The proposed model were simulated in the Mahakam system which has four electricity suppliers which are PLN, Independent Power Producer, Rental Generator, and Excess Capacity Generator. All simulation carried out in five types of scenarios. As a result, DTED pool systems provide greater benefits than bilateral DTED systems for all scenarios
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