Rosyid, Anwar (2019) Kajian Dampak Proses Eksploitasi dan Produksi Semen terhadap Lingkungan dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) di PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Pabrik Tuban. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Berkembang pesatnya pembangunan di Indonesia menyebabkan produksi akan semen berbanding lurus dengan kebutuhannya. PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. merupakan salah satu industri yang memproduksi semen komersil untuk kebutuhan pembangunan di dalam negeri. Semen dibuat dengan cara serangkaian proses yang meliputi proses eksploitasi dan produksi serta melibatkan proses utama dan proses penunjang dalam kegiatannya. Proses produksi semen memerlukan bahan baku, bahan bakar serta tambahan bahan kimia, dimana dari kegiatan tersebut menghasilkan dampak yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas lingkungan sekitar. Selain berdampak terhadap lingkungan, proses produksi tersebut juga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dampak yang terjadi dari proses utama berdasarkan pendekatan cradle to gate, dimulai dari proses eksploitasi bahan baku sampai dengan proses produksi yang menghasilkan semen sebagai produk utama. Dimulai dari analisis perhitungan beban emisi dari proses eksploitasi dan produksi semen. Beban emisi, bahan bakar, energi, dan bahan baku digunakan dalam analisi life cycle inventory (LCI). Dari hasil LCI dilakukan identifikasi dampak dengan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) melalui aplikasi SimaPro 8.5.2. Penilaian dampak pada Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) meliputi global warming, carcinogenics, ecotoxicity, acidification, respiratory effects dan smog formation. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan midpoint TRACI 2.1. Hasil identifikasi dampak merujuk pada penentuan titik hotspot proses dan hotspot dampak. Untuk menurunkan besar dampak potensial maka dibuat serangkaian alternatif untuk mengurangi dampak yang ada. Hasil perhitungan beban emisi pada proses eksploitasi dan produksi semen sebesar 9.349.981,2 ton CO2, 144,6 ton CH4, 70,3 ton N2O, 272,6 ton SO2, 5.373,8 ton NO2, 4.867,1 ton PM, 2.560,5 ton CO, dan 966,5 ton CO2 sekunder. Hasil running pada aplikasi SimaPro menunjukkan bahwa unit kiln menjadi titik hotspot proses dan carcinogenics menjadi hotspot dampak dari unit kiln. Hasil analisis ini digunakan sebagai dasar dalam menentukan skenario alternatif program lingkungan yang akan direkomendasikan. Dari beberapa skenario tersebut, diambil skenario dengan penurunan kontribusi dampak lingkungan paling signifikan terhadap proses produksi semen. Setelah dilakukan analisis LCA kembali, didapatkan bahwa skenario A mempunyai kontribusi penurunan paling signifikan terhadap dampak potensial proses eksploitasi dan produksi semen.
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The rapid development in Indonesia has caused cement production to be directly proportional to its needs. PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. is one of the industries that produce commercial cement for domestic development needs. Cement is made by means of a series of exploration and production processes that involve the main process and supporting processes in its activities. To be able to produce cement, it requires raw materials, fuel and chemical additives, where from these activities produce emissions that have an impact on decreasing environmental quality. The gas emissions produced are CO2, CH4, NOx, SOx, N2O and particulate. These emissions have an impact on increasing global warming and decreasing ambient air quality which has an impact on human health and the environment. This study identifies the impact of the main process based on the cradle to gate approach, starting from the process of exploration of raw materials to the production process that produces cement as the main product. Impact identification is done by using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with the SimaPro 8.5.2 application. The Life Cycle Assessment Impact (LCIA) category includes global warming potential for 100 years, ozone depletion, and smog formation. The method used is TRACI midpoint approach. By knowing the impacts occured, an alternative program is made to reduce the environmental impact of emissions produced at each processing unit. To find out which the most influental alternative programs in reducing environmental impacts, an analysis is carried out in SimaPro 8.5.2. First, an analysis of the impacts of the exploration and production process without using alternatives is carried out, then compared the result to the analysis using alternative programs included in SimaPro 8.5.2. The results of the calculation of emissions load in the process of exploitation and cement production amounted to 9,349,981.2 tons of CO2, 144.6 tons of CH4, 70.3 tons of N2O, 272.6 tons of SO2, 5,373.8 tons of NO2, 4,867.1 tons of PM, 2,560.5 tons of CO, and 966.5 tons of secondary CO2. The results of running on the SimaPro application show that the kiln unit is a process hotspot and carcinogenic is an impact hotspot of the kiln unit. The results of this analysis are used as a basis in determining alternative environmental program scenarios that will be recommended. From several of these scenarios, a scenario with a decrease in the contribution of the most significant environmental impact to the cement production process is taken. After the LCA analysis was conducted again, it was found that scenario A had the most significant contribution to the potential impact of the cement exploitation and production process.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Alternatif, LCA, Semen, SimaPro, TRACI |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.5 Data Processing T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.62 Decision support systems T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Anwar Rosyid |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Jul 2024 07:48 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jul 2024 07:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/66494 |
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