Pra Desain Pabrik Poly-L-Lactic Acid dari Tetes Tebu

Kusuma, Eriska Wahyu and Larasati, Ayu (2019) Pra Desain Pabrik Poly-L-Lactic Acid dari Tetes Tebu. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Poly-L-Lactic Acid atau disingkat PLLA merupakan termoplastik biodegradable turunan dari sumber daya terbarukan. Kebutuhan dunia akan plastik yang terus meningkat diiringi dengan pencemaran lingkungan akan plastik yang juga terus meningkat, membuat PLLA menjadi alternatif baik pengganti plastik non-degradable seperti PET, PP dan PS. Selain membantu mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan, PLLA dapat membantu mengurangi penggunaan sumber daya fosil serta mengurangi emisi CO2 secara bersamaan.
Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri dan adanya peluang ekspor yang masih terbuka, maka dirancang pabrik PLLA dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton/tahun dengan memanfaatkan limbah sebagai bahan baku yaitu tetes tebu. Pabrik direncanakan berdiri di Lampung, Sumatera Selatan pada tahun 2020. Proses pembuatan PLLA melalui beberapa tahap proses meliputi proses pembentukan asam laktat melalui proses fermentasi, proses pemurnian asam laktat melalui proses distilasi reaktif, dan proses polimerisasi melalui proses ring-opening polymerization.
Proses pembentukan asam laktat dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi dalam fermentor secara batch menggunakan bakteri Lactobacillus delbrueckii pada kondisi suhu 42oC, tekanan atmosfir, dan pH 6,9. Asam laktat yang terbentuk dimurnikan hingga 99% dalam kolom distilasi reaktif. Asam laktat 99% kemudian dipolimerisasi terlebih dahulu menjadi prepolymer yaitu polimer dengan berat molekul rendah pada suhu 180oC dan tekanan atmosfir. Prepolymer yang terbentuk dipecah menjadi monomer siklik lactide. Monomer lactide kemudian dipolimerisasi dengan membuka cincin siklik lactide menjadi polimer PLLA dengan berat molekul (Mw) yang tinggi sebesar 220.000.
Kebutuhan tetes tebu untuk pabrik ini sebanyak 313.465 kg/hari dengan unit pendukung proses produksi meliputi unit pengadaan air, steam, udara, tenaga listrik dan bahan bakar. Bentuk perusahaan yang dipilih adalah Peseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan sistem kerja karyawan berdasarkan pembagian jam kerja
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yang terdiri dari karyawan shift dan non-shift yang berjumlah 257 orang. Modal tetap pabrik sebesar Rp.926.811.877.912,00 dan modal kerja sebesar Rp 92.681.187.791,0. Keuntungan sebelum pajak rata-rata sebesar Rp.284.206.048.975 per tahun dan setelah dipotong pajak rata-rata sebesar Rp 184.733.931.834 per tahun. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai Pay Out Time (POT) adalah 5,13 tahun. Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 45,6%. Internal Rate of Return sebesar 13,19%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan teknis dan evaluasi ekonomi yang telah dilakukan, maka pabrik PLLA dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton per tahun layak untuk didirikan.
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Poly-L-Lactic Acid or PLLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources. The increasing world demand for plastics accompanied by environmental pollution of plastics is also increasing, making PLLA a good alternative to non-degradable plastics such as PET, PP and PS. In addition to helping reduce environmental pollution, PLLA can help reduce the use of fossil resources and reduce CO2 emissions simultaneously.
To meet domestic needs and the existence of export opportunities that are still open, PLLA plants are designed with a capacity of 20,000 tons/year by utilizing waste as a raw material, namely molasses. The plant is planned to stand in Lampung, South Sumatra in 2020. The process of making PLLA through several stages of the process includes the formation of lactic acid through a fermentation process, the process of refining lactic acid through a reactive distillation process, and the polymerization process through the ring-opening polymerization process.
The process of forming lactic acid is carried out by fermentation in a fermentor in batches using Lactobacillus delbrueckii bacteria at conditions of 42oC, atmospheric pressure, and pH 6.9. The lactic acid formed is purified up to 99% in the reactive distillation column. 99% lactic acid is then polymerized into a prepolymer which is a low molecular weight polymer at a temperature of 180oC and atmospheric pressure. Prepolymer formed is broken down into cyclic lactide monomers. The lactide monomer is then polymerized by opening a cyclic lactide ring into a PLLA polymer with a high molecular weight (Mw) of 220,000.
Sugar cane need for this plant is 313,465 kg/day with the supporting unit of the production process covering the procurement of water, steam, air, electricity and fuel units. The form of the company chosen is a Limited Company (PT) with an employee working system based on working hours
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consisting of 257 shift and non-shift employees. Factory fixed capital of Rp.926,811,887,912.00 and working capital of Rp.99,681,187,791.0. The average profit before tax is Rp. 284,206,048,975 per year and after tax is deducted, the average is Rp 184,733,931,834 per year. From the calculation results obtained the value of Pay Out Time (POT) is 5.13 years. Break Even Point (BEP) of 45.6%. Internal Rate of Return is 13.19%. Based on the results of technical calculations and economic evaluations that have been carried out, the PLLA plant with a capacity of 20,000 tons per year is feasible to be established.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSK 668.411 Kus p-1 2019
Uncontrolled Keywords:	polylactic acid, biodegradable, biopolimer, asam laktat, molasses, ring opening polymerization, distilasi reaktif
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	ERISKA WAHYU KUSUMA
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 00:58
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 00:58
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/67044

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