Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Limbah Tongkol Jagung dan Batang Jagung Menggunakan Metode Hidrolisa Asam dan Fermentasi

Fardiansyah, Zein and Pramesthi, Nur Aulia (2019) Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Limbah Tongkol Jagung dan Batang Jagung Menggunakan Metode Hidrolisa Asam dan Fermentasi. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopmeber.

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Abstract

Menipisnya cadangan bahan bakar fosil sangat kontradiktif dengan kebutuhan energi bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia beserta aktivitas ekonomi dan sosialnya. Biofuel mewakili kunci pencapaian untuk pasar energi dimasa mendatang. Akhir-akhir ini pengembangan pembuatan biofuel jumlahnya sangat meningkat untuk dieksplorasi digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternative terutama digunakan untuk keperluan transportasi. Jagung adalah salah satu produk pertanian yang banyak dihasilkan di Negara Indonesia. Karakteristik kimia dan fisika dari tongkol jagung dan batang jagung sangat cocok untuk pembuatan tenaga alternative (bioetanol), tongkol jagung mengandung Selulosa 52,6%; hemiselulosa 11,82%; dan lignin 2,99%; sementara batang jagung mengandung selulosa 41,76 %; hemiselulosa 19,06%; dan lignin 3,88%. Proses pembuatan bioetanol terdiri dari pretreatment, hidrolisa dan fermentasi. Pada proses pretreatment, tongkol dan batang jagung kering diproses hingga menjadi serbuk, kemudian serbuk dijemur agar kadar airnya semakin kecil. Serbuk tongkol jagung dan batang jagung yang telah kering masing-masing 200 g dan 300 g, dengan perbandingan tongkol jagung dan batang jagung sebesar 0:1; 1:1; dan 1:0 dibuburkan kedalam 2000 ml aquadest kemudian ditambahkan larutan HCl dengan variabel konsentrasi 0,5 N, 1 N, dan 2 N. Proses hidrolisa dilakukan dengan pemanasan pada suhu 100oC dan diaduk menggunakan magnetik stirrer selama 2 jam. Pada saat proses hidrolisa berlangsung, dilakukan analisa kadar glukosa setiap 15 menit. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses fermentasi dengan penambahan yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) 0,2% dan nutrient (Urea 0,5% dan (NH4)2HPO4 0,5%) kemudian diaduk didalam tangki fermentasi, lalu dilakukan inkubasi selama 3 hari. Proses hidrolisa dilakukan dengan menyaring hasil fermentasi agar tidak tercampur dengan pengotor, kemudian dilakukan distilasi filtrat pada suhu 78,3oC. Setelah proses distilasi selesai maka dilakukan analisa kadar etanol. Pada Penelitian ini,didapatkan hasil kadar etanol tertinggi pada variable rasio tongkol jagung: batang jagung (1:0), konsentrasi HCl 2 N, variabel massa 300 gram yaitu sebesar 11,62% dengan kemurnian etanol 88%.
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The depletion of fossil fuel reserves is very contradictory to the energy needs for human survival along with their economic and social activities. Biofuel represents the key to achieving the energy market in the future. Lately the development of the production of biofuel has been greatly increased to be explored as an alternative fuel mainly used for transportation purposes. Corn is one of the many agricultural products produced in Indonesia. The chemical and physical characteristics of corn cobs and corn stalks are very suitable for making alternative energy (bioethanol), corn cobs contain cellulose 52.6%; hemicellulose 11.82%; and lignin 2.99%; while corn stalks contain cellulose 41.76%; hemicellulose 19.06%; and lignin 3.88%. The process of making bioethanol consists of pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. In the pretreatment process, the cob and dried corn stalks are processed into powder, then the powder is dried in the sun so that the water content gets smaller. Corn cobs and corn stalks that have dried are 200 g and 300 g respectively, with a ratio of corn cobs and corn stalks of 0: 1; 1: 1; and 1: 0 was buried into 2000 ml of aquadest then HCl solution was added with a variable concentration of 0.5 N, 1 N, and 2 N. The hydrolysis process was carried out by heating at a temperature of 100oC and stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 2 hours. When the hydrolysis process takes place, glucose levels are analyzed every 15 minutes. The fermentation process was then carried out by adding yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) 0.2% and nutrients (Urea 0.5% and (NH4) 2HPO4 0.5%) then stirred in the fermentation tank, then incubated for 3 days. The hydrolysis process is carried out by mixing the fermentation results so that they are not mixed with the impurities, then distillation of the filtrate is carried out at a temperature of 78.3oC. After the distillation process is complete, ethanol content analysis is carried out. In this study, the highest ethanol content was obtained in the variable ratio of corn cobs: corn stalks (1: 0), concentration of HCl 2 N, mass variable 300 grams which was 11.62% with ethanol purity of 88%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Limbah tongkol jagung, limbah batang jagung, bioetanol, hidrolisis, fermentasi
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Fardiansyah Zein
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2026 03:46
Last Modified:	12 Aug 2026 03:46
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/67268

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