Ramadhani, Ahmad Ilham (2019) Studi Pengaruh Temperatur Kalsinasi Dan Doping Anion Fluorine Terhadap Morfologi Dan Performa Elektrokimia Katoda LiFePO4/C Baterai Ion Lithium. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penggunaan baterai secara lebih luas, dapat ditemukan pada pengembangan electric vehicles (EVs) dan hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Pengembangan yang dilakukan didasarkan pada kebutuhan media penyimpanan energi listrik dan penggunaannya secara portable. Hal itulah yang, mendorong sifat performa elektrokimia baterai yang dapat diisi ulang dan memiliki life time yang lama. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi performa elektrokimia, adalah pemilihan material katoda yang dipakai, yaitu LiFePO4 (LFP). Namun, terdapat tiga hal yang menjadi hambatan material LFP untuk digunakan secara komersil yakni (a) konduktifitas elektronik yang rendah, yaitu 10-10 S/cm, (b) konduktifitas ionik yang rendah juga berkisar pada 10-17-10-14 cm2/S, dan (c) laju difusi Li+ yang lamban. Masalah katoda LFP dapat diselesaikan dengan meningkatkan kristalinitas LFP dan meningkatkan konduktivitas LFP. Kristalinitas LFP dapat diperoleh melalui variasi temperatur kalsinasi saat sintesis. Sedangkan proses doping anion pada LFP dapat meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas. Rekayasa saat sintesis LFP dilakukan dengan metode solid state reaction. Terdapat tiga poin utama yang dilakukan adalah; (1) memperoleh single phase olivine dengan cara variasi temperatur 670 0C, 700 0C, 750 0C, dan (2) doping anion fluorine menggunakan variasi mol 0,05;0,1;0,15. Fasa LFP dari kedua variasi menunjukan fasa olivine yang dominan. Hasil SEM-EDX menunjukkan keberadaan unsur F yang bersesuaian dengan jumlah F yang ditambahkan. Pada pengujian performa elektrokimia, variasi temperatur pada 0.1F dengan sampel LFP/C 700 0C+0.1F memiliki separation voltage (ΔEp) paling kecil sebesar 0,435 V. Sampel LFP/C 700 0C+0.1F menghasilkan capcity discharge paling besar yakni 131,50 mAh/g, mampu digunakan hingga 100 cycle, dan dapat dikenai hingga current rate 2C. Hasil EIS pada Rs dan Rct juga memiliki nilai paling kecil sebesar 134,5 Ω dan 5114,1 Ω. Pada variasi penambahan F, sampel LFP/C 750 0C+0.1F memliki separation voltage (ΔEp) paling kecil sebesar 0,469 V. Sampel LFP 750 0C+0,1F menghasilkan capcity discharge paling besar yakni 128,8 mAh/g, mampu digunakan hingga 100 cycle, dan dapat dikenai hingga current rate 2C. Hasil EIS pada Rs dan Rct juga memiliki yang paling kecil sebesar 200,83 Ω dan 2,94×105 Ω.
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Battery usage more widely can be found on the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Development is done based on the needs of storage media for electrical energy and its use in a portable device. That's what, pushing the nature of the performance of the electrochemical battery which can be recharged and have a long life time. One of the factors that affect the electrochemical performance, is the selection of cathode material used. Generally the cathode used is LiFePO4 (LFP). However, there are three things that become the obstacles of the material LFP to be used commercially, namely (a) electronic conductivity is low, namely 10-10 S/cm, (b) the conductivity of the ionic low range on 10-17-10-14 cm2/S, and (c) the rate of diffusion of Li+ are sluggish. The problem on the cathode LFP can be solved by increasing the crystallinity of LFP and increase the conductivity of the LFP. The crystallinity of the LFP can be obtained through the variation of calcination temperature during the synthesis. While the process of doping anions on the LFP can increase the value of the conductivity. In the process, engineering time sinesis LFP is done by the method of solid state reaction. There are three main points which are; (1) obtained single phase olivine by means of the variation of the temperature of 670 0C, 700 0C, 750 0C, and (2) doping anion fluorine using a variation of the mole to 0.05;0.1;0.15. The LFP phase of the two variations shows the dominant olivine phase. The SEM-EDX results indicate the existence of an F element which corresponds to the number of F added. In the electrochemical performance tested, the temperature variation at 0.1F with the sample LFP/C 700 0C+0.1F have the smallest separation voltage (ΔEp) of 0,435 V. Samples LFP/C 700 0C+0.1F produced the highest capcity discharge of 131,50 mAh/g, can be used up to 100 cycles, and can be applied up to current rate 2C. EIS results in Rs and Rct also have the smallest value of 134,5 Ω and 5114,1 Ω. In addition to F variation, the sample LFP/C 750 0C+0.1F has the smallest separation voltage (ΔEp) of 0,469 V. The sample LFP 750 0C+0.1F can produce the largest capcity discharge of 128,8 mAh/g, capable of being used up to 100 cycles, and can be applied up to current rate 2C. The EIS results in Rs and Rct also have the smallest amount of 200,83 Ω and 2,94×105 Ω.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Baterai, Katoda, LFP/C, Anion Doping, temperatur kalsinasi, solid state reaction. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK2945 Lead-acid batteries. T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL220 Electric vehicles and their batteries, etc. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 27101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | RAMADHANI AHMAD ILHAM |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 04:41 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2026 04:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/69172 |
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