Studi Struktur, Sifat Mekanik, dan Sifat Termal High-Density Zircon Ceramics

Musyarofah, Musyarofah (2019) Studi Struktur, Sifat Mekanik, dan Sifat Termal High-Density Zircon Ceramics. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sintesis keramik zirkon berdensitas tinggi berbahan dasar pasir zirkon alam dengan penambahan agen sinter menggunakan metode *spark plasma sintering* (SPS), disertai kajian struktur, sifat mekanik, dan sifat termal, telah berhasil dilakukan. Pasir zirkon yang digunakan berasal dari Kerengpangi, Kalimantan Tengah, dan diproses menjadi serbuk zirkon berukuran nanometrik melalui tahapan pemurnian yang meliputi separasi magnetik, perendaman dalam HCl, dan reaksi dengan NaOH, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penggilingan selama 10 jam dan anil pada temperatur 200°C selama 2 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk zirkon yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran kristalit sekitar 40 nm. Selanjutnya, pengaruh penambahan agen sinter (Bi₂O₃, V₂O₅, dan B₂O₃) serta metode sintering (konvensional, APS, dan SPS) terhadap struktur, sifat mekanik, dan sifat termal keramik zirkon dipelajari secara sistematis. Keramik zirkon berbahan dasar serbuk nano berhasil disintesis dengan densitas relatif mencapai 99,9% melalui metode SPS pada temperatur 1250°C, tekanan 80 MPa, dan waktu penahanan 10 menit, dengan proses densifikasi yang dikonfirmasi melalui pengamatan SEM. Perilaku sintering dan penambahan agen sinter memengaruhi parameter kisi serta ukuran kristal zirkon. Karakteristik termomekanik keramik zirkon hasil SPS meliputi konduktivitas termal (λ) sebesar 0,39–0,61 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, koefisien ekspansi termal (α) sebesar 3,6–4,9 × 10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹, kekerasan Vickers (HV) sebesar 9,52–12,66 GPa, modulus Young (E) sebesar 240–288 GPa, modulus bulk (B) sebesar 207–267 GPa, modulus geser (G) sebesar 91–109 GPa, rasio Poisson (ν) sebesar 0,281–0,320, rasio Pugh (B/G) sebesar 1,95–2,45, serta rasio kerapuhan sebesar 0,011–0,019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keramik zirkon memiliki karakter sebagai material yang keras, bersifat *quasi-ductile*, dan merupakan isolator termal yang baik. Selain itu, penambahan agen sinter (Bi₂O₃, V₂O₅, dan B₂O₃) mampu meningkatkan densifikasi keramik zirkon sekaligus menurunkan temperatur sintering sekitar 200°C tanpa mengurangi sifat termomekaniknya.
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The synthesis of high-density zircon ceramics based on natural zircon sand with the addition of sintering agents using the *spark plasma sintering* (SPS) method, followed by structural, mechanical, and thermal characterization, was successfully carried out. The zircon sand was obtained from Kerengpangi, Central Kalimantan, and processed into nanometric zircon powder through a purification sequence involving magnetic separation, HCl leaching, and NaOH treatment, followed by milling for 10 hours and annealing at 200°C for 2 hours. The resulting zircon powder exhibited a crystallite size of approximately 40 nm. Furthermore, the effects of sintering agents (Bi₂O₃, V₂O₅, and B₂O₃) and different sintering methods (conventional, APS, and SPS) on the structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of zircon ceramics were systematically investigated. Zircon ceramics prepared from nano-sized zircon powder achieved a relative density of up to 99.9% using SPS at 1250°C under a pressure of 80 MPa with a holding time of 10 minutes, and the densification was confirmed by SEM observations. The sintering behavior and the addition of sintering agents influenced the lattice parameters and crystallite size of zircon. The thermomechanical properties of SPS-synthesized zircon ceramics included a thermal conductivity (λ) of 0.39–0.61 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, a thermal expansion coefficient (α) of 3.6–4.9 × 10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹, Vickers hardness (HV) of 9.52–12.66 GPa, Young’s modulus (E) of 240–288 GPa, bulk modulus (B) of 207–267 GPa, shear modulus (G) of 91–109 GPa, Poisson’s ratio (ν) of 0.281–0.320, Pugh’s ratio (B/G) of 1.95–2.45, and a brittleness ratio of 0.011–0.019. These results indicate that the synthesized zircon ceramics exhibit high hardness, quasi-ductile behavior, and excellent thermal insulation properties. Moreover, the addition of Bi₂O₃, V₂O₅, and B₂O₃ as sintering agents significantly enhanced the densification of zircon ceramics and reduced the required sintering temperature by approximately 200°C without compromising their thermomechanical properties.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Additional Information:	RDFi 553.61 Mus s-1 2019
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Musyarofah .
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2026 04:18
Last Modified:	20 Jul 2026 04:18
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/70235

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