PEMODELAN, SIMULASI DAN OPTIMASI PROSESABSORPSI – DESORPSI REAKTIF GAS CO2 DALAM LARUTAN MDEA BERKATALIS MENGGUNAKAN KOLOM BERPACKING

Ariani, Ariani (2019) PEMODELAN, SIMULASI DAN OPTIMASI PROSESABSORPSI – DESORPSI REAKTIF GAS CO2 DALAM LARUTAN MDEA BERKATALIS MENGGUNAKAN KOLOM BERPACKING. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Absorpsi – desorpsi gas karbondioksida (CO2) merupakan proses yang penting dalam dunia industri, karena gas CO2 merupakan gas yang bersifat asam, korosif, dapat merusak bagian dalam utilitas pabrik. Pada indutri amoniak, CO2 merupakan racun pada katalis sintesa amoniak. Sifat korosif CO2 akan muncul pada daerah dimana terdapat penurunan suhu dan tekanan, seperti pada bagian elbow pipa, tubing, cooler dan injektor turbin. Absorpsi – desorpsi disertai reaksi kimia menggunakan pelarut MDEA (alkanolamin tersier) makin meningkat diaplikasikan di industri karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan yaitu kapasitas relatif tinggi, stabilitas tinggi, entalpi reaksi dengan CO2 relatif kecil, sifat korosif rendah, dan biaya regenerasi pelarut rendah. Namun laju reaksinya lambat, sehingga perlu ditambahkan katalis untuk meningkatkan laju reaksi absorpsi gas CO2. Katalis yang digunakan adalah Glisin dan Dietanolamin (DEA)
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan pemodelan, simulasi dan optimasi pada proses absorpsi-desorpsi reaktif gas CO2 dalam larutan MDEA berkatalis menggunakan kolom berpacking. Penentuan data kinetika reaksi dilakukan secara eksperimen menggunakan peralatan wetted wall column skala laboratorium dengan variasi laju alir dan konsentrasi pelarut, tekanan CO2, suhu operasi dan konsentrasi katalis pada tekanan 1 atmosfer. Langkah-langkah penelitian mulai dari studi literatur tentang rate-based model dalam menggambarkan perpindahan massa, kinetika absorpsi gas CO2 kedalam absorben reaktif dan kelarutan gas kedalam larutan MDEA. Sebelum melakukan pemodelan diperlukan eksperimen skala laboratorium tentang absorpsi gas CO2 dengan larutan MDEA berkatalis menggunakan peralatan Wetted Wall Column untuk menentukan parameter kinetik dan laju absorpsi gas CO2 dengan larutan MDEA berkatalis. Selanjutnya melakukan pemodelan dan simulasi, meliputi pengembangan model rate-based absorpsi multikomponen dengan reaksi, penyelesaian numerik ODE-45 dengan program software Matlab. Pengembangan model rate-based didasarkan pada teori model Film, pengaruh reaksi terhadap koefisien perpindahan massa dinyatakan dengan faktor enhancement, pola aliran gas dan likuid adalah secara plug flow. Hasil persamaan model dilakukan uji validasi model menggunakan data pabrik. Apabila validasi dapat diterima dilanjutkan dengan melakukan simulasi dan analisa data. Hasil dari analisa data dilanjutkan dengan melakukan optimasi kinerja terhadap persen removal CO2 di absorber dan persen efisiensi CO2 di stripper. Penelitian ini mengkaji distribusi suhu fase gas dan likuid terhadap posisi aksial sepanjang tinggi kolom dan distribusi konsentrasi komponen baik fase gas maupun fase likuid terhadap tinggi kolom absorber dan stripper. Parameter yang dikaji antara lain laju alir absorben, tekanan gas pada absorber dan stripper, suhu likuid masuk absorber dan stripper, beban reboiler dan persen katalis MDEA. Hasil optimasi proses absorpsi-desorpsi reaktif gas CO2 kedalam larutan MDEA berkatalis menggunakan kolom berpacking diperoleh didasarkan pada persen removal CO2 dan persen efisiensi stripping yang maksimal untuk masing-masing katalis adalah: untuk katalis PZ terjadi pada kondisi tekanan kolom absorber 55 kg/cm2G, suhu lean solution kolom absorber 333.15 K , beban reboiler 950000 kW dan persen katalis 3% mencapai persen removal CO2 88.1487% dan persen efisiensi stripping CO2 sebesar 92.4048 %, untuk katalis DEA mencapai persen removal CO2 84.184% dan persen efisiensi stripping CO2 sebesar 91.9182 %.
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Absorption-desorption of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is an important process in the industrial world, because of its acidity and corrosive, can damage the inside of the factory utility. In the ammonia industry, CO2 is toxic to the catalyst of ammonia synthesis. Corrosive properties of CO2 will appear in areas where there is a decrease in temperature and pressure, such as in the elbow pipe, tubing, cooler and turbine injector.
Absorption-desorption applications accompanied by chemical reactions using MDEA solvents (tertiary alkanol amine) are increasing in the industry because they have several advantages such as relatively high capacity, high stability, low CO2 reaction enthalpy, low corrosive properties, and low solvent regeneration costs. However, the reaction rate is slow, so it is necessary to add a catalyst to increase the reaction rate of CO2 absorption. The purpose of this study was to perform modeling, simulation, and optimization of the reactive absorption-desorption process of CO2 gas in catalyzed MDEA solutions using packed columns. Determination of reaction kinetics data was carried out experimentally using laboratory-scale wetted wall column equipment with variations in flow rate and solvent concentration, CO2 pressure, operating temperature and catalyst concentration at 1 atmospheric pressure. Stages of research include literature studies on rate-based models in describing mass transfer, kinetics of CO2 gas absorption into reactive absorbents and gas solubility into MDEA solutions. Before modeling, laboratory-scale experiments required about the absorption of CO2 gas with catalyzed MDEA solutions using Wetted Wall Column equipment to determine kinetic parameters and CO2 gas absorption rates with catalyzed MDEA solution. Furthermore, modeling and simulation are carried out, includes the development of a multicomponent rate-based absorption model with reaction, numerical solution of ODE-45 with the Matlab software program. The rate-based model development is based on the Film Model theory. The effect of the reaction on the mass transfer coefficient is expressed by enhancement factor, the pattern of gas flow and liquid by plug flow. The results of the model equation are validated using factory data. If validation is acceptable, the stage followed by conducting data simulation and analysis.
Performance optimization performed on the percentage of removal of CO2 in the absorber and percentage efficiency CO2 in the stripper based on the results of the data analysis. This study examines the temperature distribution of the gas phase and liquid to the axial position along the column height and the distribution of the concentration of components both gas phase and liquid phase to the height of the absorber and stripper columns. The parameters studied included absorbent flow rate, gas pressure on the absorber and stripper, liquid temperature entering the absorber and stripper, reboiler load and percent MDEA catalyst. The results of the optimization of the absorption process of CO2 reactive gas into the MDEA solution using the packed column obtained based on the removal of CO2 and the maximum percentage of stripping efficiency for each catalyst are: for the PZ catalyst when using a 20 kg / cm2G absorber column pressure, lean solution temperature 333.15 K, reboiler load 950000 kW and percent catalyst 3% achieving CO2 removal percent 88.1487% and CO2 stripping efficiency 92.4048%, for DEA catalyst reaching 84.184% CO2 removal percent and CO2 efficiency stripping of 91.9182%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD117 Absorption Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts.
Depositing User:	. ARIANI
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 00:38
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 00:38
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/70686

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