Optimasi Kecepatan Kapal untuk Meminimalkan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar pada Rute Pelayaran

Gusti, Ayudhia Pangestu (2019) Optimasi Kecepatan Kapal untuk Meminimalkan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar pada Rute Pelayaran. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sekitar 40% - 60% dari biaya transportasi kapal merupakan biaya bahan bakar. Oleh karena itu, pengurangan biaya bahan bakar dapat memberikan penghematan yang cukup besar pada total biaya transportasi kapal. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), cara yang paling banyak digunakan dan diminati untuk mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi gas buang kapal saat ini adalah berlayar pada kecepatan rendah, yaitu dibawah kecepatan desain kapal atau sering disebut sebagai slow steaming. Bahan bakar bergantung pada kebutuhan tenaga mesin, kebutuhan tenaga mesin dipengaruhi oleh tahanan kapal, sedangkan tahanan dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan kapal. Dalam penelitian ini disajikan beberapa metode dalam menentukan kecepatan optimal kapal, yaitu pemilihan kecepatan optimal menggunakan perhitungan matematis, pemilihan kecepatan optimal menggunakan shipping log data, pemilihan kecepatan optimal menggunakan metode pengambilan keputusan atau MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) dan pemilihan kecepatan optimal menggunakan metode optimasi (mathematical programming). Objek penelitian menggunakan dua kapal kontainer, yaitu M.V. Meratus Mamiri dan M.V. Meratus Malino. Pemilihan kecepatan menggunakan perhitungan matematis, shipping log data dan MCDM dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh kecepatan terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi gas buang kapal sesuai dengan jadwal pelayaran tetap (time windows) yang telah diberikan. Pada metode optimasi kecepatan kapal, beberapa variabel dipertimbangkan dalam menentukan fungsi tujuan, seperti daya yang dikeluarkan motor penggerak, Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) dan waktu berlayar kapal. Jadwal pelayaran tetap dan kecepatan kapal ditentukan sebagai batasan fungsi tujuan. Optimasi menggunakan metode algoritma genetika. Hasil pemilihan kecepatan menggunakan perhitungan matematis, shipping log data dan MCDM menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan slow steaming pada kapal dapat mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi gas buang kapal. Sedangkan pemilihan kecepatan optimal menggunakan metode optimasi menunjukkan bahwa, sebanyak 41% komponen biaya merupakan biaya bahan bakar, 19% merupakan biaya operasional, 4% biaya pelabuhan, dan 36% merupakan biaya bongkar muat. Penghematan biaya bahan bakar terjadi sebanyak 9,34% saat kapal berlayar menggunakan kecepatan hasil optimasi.
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Around 40% - 60% of ship transportation costs are fuel costs. Therefore, reducing fuel costs can provide substantial savings in the total transportation costs of ships. Based on research conducted by The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), the most widely used and desirable way to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of ships is sailing at low speeds, which is below the design speed of the ship or often referred to as slow steaming. Fuel depends on the need for engine power, the need for engine power is influenced by ship resistance, while the resistance is affected by the speed of the ship. In this study presented several methods in determining the optimal speed of the ship, namely the selection of optimal speed using mathematical calculations, the selection of optimal speed using shipping log data, the selection of optimal speed using decision making methods or MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) and the selection of optimal speed using optimization methods (mathematical programming). The object of research uses two container ships, namely M.V. Meratus Mamiri and M.V. Meratus Malino. The selection of speed using mathematical calculations, shipping log data and MCDM is conducted to see the effect of speed on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in accordance with the fixed shipping schedule (time windows) that have been given. In the ship speed optimization method, several variables are considered in determining the objective function, such as the power released by the engine, the Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) and the sailing time of the ship. The fixed shipping schedule and speed of the ship are determined as limits on the objective function. Optimization uses the genetic algorithm method. The results of speed selection using mathematical calculations, shipping log data and MCDM show that the use of slow steaming on ships can reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of ships. While the optimal speed selection using the optimization method shows that, as much as 41% of the component costs are fuel costs, 19% are operational costs, 4% are port costs, and 36% are loading and unloading costs. The savings in fuel costs occur as much as 9,34% when the ship sails using an optimized speed.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	ELECTRE, Fuel consumption, Genetic algorithm, Ship emission, Speed optimization, Transportation cost.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.6 Operations research--Mathematics. Goal programming V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM276.A1 Fuel (Including supplies, costs, etc.) V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM751 Resistance and propulsion of ships
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Ocean Engineering > 38001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Ayudhia Pangestu Gusti
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 04:10
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 04:10
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/70769

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