Erwanto, Jefri and Hastari, Indira Tri (2016) Studi Perbandingan Produksi Biogas Menggunakan Feses Sapi, Cairan Rumen Dan Feses Luwak Pada Co-Digestion - Comparative Study Of Biogas Production By Using Cow-Dung, Rumen Fluid And Civet Faeces In Codigestion. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sumber daya minyak dan gas alam dunia yang berasal dari
energi fosil semakin berkurang. Sehingga pengembangan
penelitian sumber energi alternatif semakin sering dilakukan,
salah satunya adalah produksi biogas. Bahan baku alternatif yang
potensial untuk menghasilkan gas metana adalah limbah kulit
kopi. Kulit kopi dipilih karena merupakan limbah yang banyak
dihasilkan dari proses pengolahan biji kopi. Kopi sendiri
merupakan komuditas unggulan di Indonesia. Komposisi limbah
kulit buah kopi terdiri dari selulosa 63%, hemiselulosa 2,3%,
lignin 17%, protein 11,5%, tanin 1,8-8,56% dan pektin 6,5%.
Akan tetapi produksi metana dari limbah kulit kopi masih banyak
mengalami kendala karena kandungan zat kimia beracun seperti
tanin, kafein, dan polifenol yang dapat menghambat produksi
biogas yang diinginkan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pretreatment
dengan menggunakan kotoran luwak (Paradoxurus
hermaphroditus) untuk menghilangkan zat kimia beracun tersebut.
Kotoran luwak sendiri dipilih karena memiliki bakteri-bakteri
yang memiliki aktifitas enzim yang tinggi antara lain xilanolitik,
selulolitik (penghancur sel), dan proteolitik (penghancur protein)
yang mampu membantu pencernaan luwak dalam melakukan
fermentasi kulit dan biji kopi secara anaerobik di dalam ususnya.
Tahap pertama dalam penelitian adalah persiapan alat dan
bahan antara lain kulit kopi, kotoran luwak, cairan rumen dan
kotoran sapi. Kemudian tahap kedua melakukan pretreatment
terhadap kulit kopi menggunakan kotoran luwak dengan memvariasikan jumlah kotoran luwak dan lamanya waktu
fermentasi, yang kemudian dipilih variabel mana yang paling baik
dalam mendegradasi komponen inhibitor. Tahap selanjutnya yaitu
melakukan fermentasi anaerobik selama 40 hari dengan suhu
mesofilik (30–40oC) dan pH dijaga 6,8-7,2 pada volume kerja
reaktor sebesar 3.6 liter. Terdapat enam reaktor yang masingmasing
berisi mikroorganisme cairan rumen (CR), kotoran sapi
(KS) dan campuran keduanya yang kemudian dibandingkan
dengan hasil pretreatment. Adapun parameter yang diukur antara
lain penurunan kandungan inhibitor, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA),
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Solid (TS), Volatile
Solid (VS), biogas (CH4, CO2, dan H2) dan nilai kalor
pembakaran (heating value).
Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan data bahwa
pretreatment dengan menggunakan cairan kotoran luwak dapat
menurunkan kandungan inhibitor dalam substrat kulit kopi dan
pretreatment tersebut menghasilkan konsentrasi metana lebih
tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa pretreatment dalam setiap
reaktor
========================================================================================================================
Resources of oil and natural gas which are derived from
fossil energy are wane more and more. So the research
development of alternative energy sources are increasingly being
conducted, one of the research of alternative energy are the
production of biogas. Potential alternative raw materials to
produce methane gas is the waste of coffee skin. Skin (epicarp
and mesocarp) coffee been a lot of waste that is produced from
the processing of coffee beans. Coffee itself is an excellent
commodity in Indonesia. Coffee skin (epicarp and mesocarp)
waste composition comprised of 63% cellulose, 2.3%
hemicellulose, lignin 17%, 11.5% protein, 1.8 to 8.56% tannin
and pectin 6.5%. However, methane production from waste of
coffee skin is still much problems because of the content of toxic
chemicals such as tannins, caffeine and polyphenols which can
inhibit the production of biogas as desired. Therefore, doing
pretreatment to remove toxic chemicals are either mechanically
(size reduction), thermal (solar radiation) and biological mixed
with the addition of rumen microorganisms, cow dung and feses
of civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Civet feses chosen
because it has bacteria that have a high enzyme activity, among
others xilanolitik, cellulolitic (cells disrupting), and proteolytic
(protein disrupting) that can help civet digestion in fermenting
skin and coffee beans in the gut anaerobically.
The first step in this research is the preparation of tools
and materials include coffee skin, civet droppings, rumen fluid
and cow dung. Then the second step is doing pretreatment for the
coffee skin by using civet droppings by varying the amount of
the civet droppings and duration of fermentation, then select
variables were most excellent in degrading inhibitor component.
The next step is, doing anaerobic fermentation for 40 days at
mesophilic temperature (30-40oC) and the pH is maintained from
6.8 to 7.2 on a reactor working volume of 3.6 liters. There are six
reactors which each contain different microorganisms, rumen fluid (CR), cow dung (KS) and a mixture of both (KS-CR) and
then compared with the results of reactor which is using coffee
skin pretreatment. The measured parameters include inhibitor
compound decrease, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Solid (TS), Volatile Solid (VS),
biogas (CH4, CO2, and H2) and the calorific value of combustion
(heating value).
This study results that pretreatment with a liquid civet
droppings can reduce the inhibitor compound in the substrate of
pretreatment coffee skin and produces methane concentrations
higher than those without pretreatment in each reactor.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 665.776 Erw s |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biogas, Metana, Limbah kulit kopi, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Biogas, Methane, waste of coffee skin Paradoxurus hermaphroditus |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | ansi aflacha |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Dec 2019 03:25 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Dec 2019 03:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/72188 |
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