Tahfifah, Amirut and Lestari, Hilda Dwi (2016) Hidrolisis Trigliserida Pada Fraksi Non Polar Dari Minyak Nyamplung Menggunakan Rhizopus Oryzae Dan Lactobacillus Plantarum - Triacylglycerols Hydrolysis From Non Polar Fraction Of Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Oil Using Rhizopus Oryzae And Lactobacillus Plantarum. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Minyak dari biji Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung) umumnya
hanya digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel, padahal
terdapat banyak manfaat yang lain. Fraksi lipid non polar pada
minyak Calophyllum inophyllum mengandung trigliserida tinggi
dan beberapa komponen bioaktif. Trigliserida dapat dihidrolisis
untuk mendapatkan asam-asam lemak penyusunnya dan gliserol.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis
mikroorganisme penghasil enzim (whole-cell) pada reaksi
hidrolisis trigliserida, mengetahui pengaruh jumlah
mikorganisme penghasil enzim (whole-cell) pada reaksi
hidrolisis trigliserida, dan mengetahui pengaruh waktu pada
reaksi hidrolisis trigliserida. Minyak nyamplung diekstraksi multi
stage sebanyak 8 kali, rasio pelarut terhadap minyak 5:1 (g/g),
dan rasio pelarut Petroleum eter-methanol 3:1 (g/g). NPLF yang
didapat kemudian dianalisa kandungan trigliserida,digliserida,
monogliserida dan FFA. Mikroorganisme yang digunakan
adalah R.oryzae tanpa melalui rekayasa genetika ditanam dan
Lactobacillus plantarum. Proses hidrolisa dilakukan dengan
menambahkan air dengan perbandingan NPLF:air sebesar
1:3(g/g) dan mikoorganisme sesuai variable. Variabel R.oryzae
yang diberikan adalah 1012 sel/mL mixture, 5x1012 sel/mL
mixture, dan 10x1012sel sel/mL mixture. Campuran tersebut
dimasukkan pada inkubator shaker pada suhu 300C, kecepatan
150 rpm selama 1 hari, 2 hari, 3 hari, 4 hari, dan 5 hari. NPLF
dan fraksi minyak hasil hidrolisis akan dianalisa secara kualitatif
menggunakan TLC dan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Kadar
trigliserida, digliserida, dan monogliserida dianalisa
menggunakan metode kolom kromatografi. Untuk analisa trigliserida, setelah metode kolom kromatografi dilanjutkan
dengan titrasi oksidialkalimetri lalu menggunakan
spektrofotometri panjang gelombang 285 mμ. Sedangkan kadar
FFA dianalisa secara kuantitaif menggunakan metode titrasi
asidi-alkalimetri. Hasil percobaan ekstraksi likuid-likuid minyak
nyamplung memiliki kandungan sebagai trigliserida sebesar
94%, digliserida sebesar 2,01%, monogliserida sebesar 0,37%,
dan FFA sebesar 3,43%. Dari hasil hidrolisa dapat diketahhui
bahwa pada saat kadar FFA (free fatty acid) < 1% dan kadar
digliserida <0,45% akan terjadi proses hidrolisa. Kesimpulan
dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan antara lainb: penggunaan
R.Oryzae lebih efektif dibandingkan L.Plantarum untuk
proses hidrolisa trigliserida dari NPLF minyak nyamplung.
Jumlah whole-cell microbial tidak berpengaruh pada
proses. Lama waktu hidrolisa akan mempengaruhi kadar
FFA (free fatty acid) yang terbentuk karena semakin lama
proses hidrolisa dapat menyebabkan adanya reaksi balik
ataupun reaksi esterifikasi, sehingga kadar trigliserida
akan naik dan kadar FFA justru turun.
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Oil from the seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung) is
generally only used as raw material for biodiesel, but there are
many other benefits beside it. Non polar lipid fraction in
Calophyllum inophyllum oil contains high triglycerides and
several bioactive components. Triglycerides can be hydrolyzed to
obtain constituent fatty acids and glycerol. This study aims to
determine the effect of microorganisms type for producing
enzymes using whole-cell biocatalyst on triglyceride hydrolysis
reaction, knowing the effect of the number of mikorganisme
producing enzymes whole-cell biocatalyst on the hydrolysis of
triglycerides, and determine the effect of time on the hydrolysis
of triglycerides. Purification of Nyamplung oil is using multi
stage oil extracted 8 times, solvent to oil ratio is 5: 1 (g / g), and
the ratio of solvent Petroleum ether-methanol is 3: 1 (g / g). Non
polar lipid fraction were obtained and then analyzed the content
of triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides and FFA. The
microorganism used are Rhizopus oryzae grown without genetic
engineering and Lactobacillus plantarum. Hydrolysis process is
done by adding water at a ratio of NPLF:water is 1: 3 (g / g) and
microorganisms corresponding variable. Number of R.oryzae and
L.plantarum given are 1012 cells/mL mixture, 5x1012 cells/mL
mixture, and 10x1012 cells/mL mixture. The mixture was put in
an incubator shaker at a temperature of 300C, speed 150 rpm for
1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, and 5 days. NPLF and oil fractions
hydrolysis results will be analyzed qualitatively using TLC and
UV-Vis spectrophotometry. High levels of triglycerides,
diglycerides, monoglycerides and analyzed using column
chromatography. For analysis of triglycerides, after the method of column chromatography followed by oksidialkalimetri
titration and use spectrophotometric wavelength of 285 mμ.
While the quantitative levels of FFA were analyzed using acidbase
titratio. The experimental results of liquid-liquid extraction
nyamplung oil contains as triglycerides 94%, diglycerides 2.01%,
monoglycerides 0.37% and 3.43% FFA. From the result of
hydrolysis known that if FFA (free fatty acid) value is <1% and
diglycerides is <0.45%, hydrolysis process will occur. The
conclusion of the research that has been done are: R.Oryzae more
effective than L.Plantarum for triglyceride hydrolysis process of
NPLF nyamplung oil. The number of whole-cell microbial have
no effect on the process. The length of time of hydrolysis would
affect the levels of FFA (free fatty acid) which is formed because
the longer the hydrolysis process can cause a reverse reaction or
esterification reaction, so that triglyceride levels will incrise and
the FFA will decrease.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 660.284 2 Tah h |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Nyamplung,Hidrolisis,Rhizopus oryzae, Lactobacillus plantarum, FFA, Non Polar Lipid Fraction, Whole-cell. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering |
| Depositing User: | ansi aflacha |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Dec 2019 04:03 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Dec 2019 04:03 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/72202 |
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