Wijaya, I Made Wahyu (2019) Penyisihan Senyawa Nitrogen Dengan Proses Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Pada Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) Dan Anaerobic Up-Flow Reactor (AUR) Menggunakan Air Limbah Sintetis Berkadar Nitrogen Tinggi. Doctoral thesis, INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER.
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Abstract
Konsentrasi amonia yang tinggi menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya eutrofikasi pada badan air. Eutrofikasi menyebabkan laju pertumbuhan alga meningkat dengan cepat sehingga konsentrasi oksigen terlarut akan menurun dan dapat menyebabkan kematian pada biota air. Salah satu sumber amonia yang masuk ke badan air adalah air limbah domestik. Kandungan amonia dalam air limbah domestik di Kota Surabaya masih melebihi baku mutu 10 mg/L. Unit pengolahan air limbah yang umum digunakan di Indonesia adalah anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). Salah satu kelemahan ABR adalah rendahnya efisiensi penyisihan senyawa nitrogen. Sebuah metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menyisihkan nitrogen adalah anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kinerja reaktor ABR dan Anaerobic Up-Flow Reactor (AUR) dalam menyisihkan senyawa nitrogen dari air limbah sintetis berkadar nitrogen tinggi. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi inkubasi dengan sampel lumpur dari IPAL Kota Surabaya, muara Gramido, bioreaktor dan digester IPAL Kota Vila Nova de Gaia. Percobaan dengan sistem kontinu dilakukan dengan ABR dan AUR skala laboratorium yang telah ditambahkan inokulum dari lumpur tanki aerasi IPAL Kota Ponte de Lima. Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan metode PCR, sekuensing, dan ARISA. Parameter yang diukur meliputi ammonium, nitrit, nitrat dan pH. Pada percobaan inkubasi, efisiensi penyisihan rata-rata amonium masing-masing sampel adalah: sampel IPAL permukiman Surabaya 98,57% dengan laju penyisihan 0,80 mg/L.hari; sampel Muara Gramido 97,12% dengan laju penyisihan 0,79 mg/L.hari; sampel sedimen bioreaktor 75,05% dengan laju penyisihan 0,78 mg/L.hari; sampel sedimen digester 58,46% dengan laju penyisihan 0,61 mg/L.hari. Efisiensi penyisihan rata-rata total nitrogen pada AUR diperoleh sebesar 41,99% dengan laju penyisihan 5,66 mg N/L.hari. Percobaan dengan ABR menunjukkan efisiensi penyisihan rata-rata total nitrogen sebesar 59,01% dengan laju penyisihan 0,71 mg N/L.hari. ABR memberikan efisiensi penyisihan ammonium yang lebih tinggi (63,08%) dibandingkan AUR (50,83%). Hasil analisis sekuensing DNA bakteri pada sampel dari ABR menunjukkan adanya bakteri Uncultured anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium (KU990008.1) dan Uncultured planctomycete clone (JQ822926.1). Uncultured anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium (KF934848.1) ditemukan pada inkubasi dengan sampel dari IPAL ABR Surabaya. Pada sampel Gramido terdapat Uncultured Planctomycetales bacterium clone (JQ762176.1). Pada sampel dari bioreaktor terdapat Uncultured anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium (KU990120.1). Pada sampel dari AUR terdapat Candidatus Brocadia sp. (KY659581.1). Pada sampel digester terdapat Uncultured Nitrospira sp. clone OTU23 (MK290927.1) dan Uncultured Nitrospira sp. clone OTU55 (MK290959.1) pada tanki aerasi. Hasil analisis ARISA pada ABR skala laboratorium menunjukkan penurunan tingkat kesamaan spesies bakteri hingga 50% sedangkan pada AUR, kesamaan komunitas bakteri tetap stabil pada kisaran 90%.
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The high amount of nitrogen compound, especially ammonium in the water stimulate the eutrophication. It increases the growth rate of algae and pressing down the dissolved oxygen which is highly corresponding to the death of aquatic animal. Domestic wastewater is one of the source of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The amonia concentration in domestic wastewater in Surabaya City is exceeded the national threshold of 10 mg/L. Commonly, the domestic wastewater treatment in Indonesia is using anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) unit. The disadvantage of ABR is low removal of nitrogen compound Recently, a process called anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is using to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency in the wastewater treatment. This research aims to analyze the performance of ABR and anaerobic up-flow reactor (AUR) removing nitrogen in the high strength nitrogen synthetic wastewater. The experiments were including incubations of sludge samples from: ABR in Surabaya City, Estuary of Gramido, bioreactor and digester WWTP of Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. The main experiments were using lab scale of ABR and AUR inoculated with aeration tank sludge from WWTP of Ponte de Lima. Bacteria identification was using PCR, sequencing and ARISA. Some parameters such as ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and pH were measured during the experiment. In the incubation experiment, the average of amonium removal was 98,57% for sample of ABR Surabaya with removal rate 0,80 mg/L.day, 97,12% for Estuary of Gramido with removal rate 0,79 mg/L.day, 75,05% for bioreactor with removal rate 0,78 mg/L.day, 58,46% for digester with removal rate 0,61 mg/L.day. The average of total nitrogen removal for AUR was 41,99% with removal rate 5,66 mg N/L.day while the ABR shown 59,01% with removal rate 0,71 mg N/L.day. ABR has higher ammonium removal efficiency (63,08%) than AUR (50,83%%). DNA sequencing was showing the similarity of the bacteria species in the reactor, such as in the lab scale ABR there was Uncultured anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium (KU990008.1) and an Uncultured planctomycete clone (JQ822926.1). There was Uncultured anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium (KF934848.1) in the incubation of ABR from Surabaya. In the sample of Gramido there was Uncultured Planctomycetales bacterium clone (JQ762176.1). In the bioreactor there was Uncultured anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium (KU990120.1). In the AUR there was Candidatus Brocadia sp. (KY659581.1), and in the digester and aeration tank there was Uncultured Nitrospira sp. clone OTU23 (MK290927.1) and Uncultured Nitrospira sp. clone OTU55 (MK290959.1). ARISA analysis was showing the similarity of the bacteria community structure in the ABR lab scale was decreasing along the process up to 50% changes while the community structure in the AUR was stable with more than 90% similarity.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD756.45 Anaerobic treatment |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | I Made Wahyu Wijaya |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 07:15 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2026 07:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/72314 |
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