Banunaek, Zofar Agluis (2016) Pencemaran Merkuri Di Lahan Pertambangan Emas Rakyat Dan Strategi Pengendaliannya. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.
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Abstract
Tanah di lokasi penambangan emas rakyat Desa Kalirejo Kabupaten Kulon Progo
tercemar merkuri. Pencemaran terjadi akibat sisa tailing dari proses pengolahan emas dengan
amalgamasi tercecer keluar dari bak penampungan sehingga mengontaminasi tanah di sekitar
area penambangan. Hal tersebut dapat membahayakan manusia dan lingkungan. Penelitian
bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber pencemaran merkuri dari proses
pertambangan emas rakyat Kulon Progo, membandingkan tingkat pencemaran merkuri dengan
Peraturan Pemerintah No 101 tahun 2014 dan merumuskan strategi pengendalian pencemaran
merkuri ditinjau dari aspek teknis, hukum dan sosial.
Metode uji partikel tanah mengacu pada ASTM D422 tentang method of test for
determination of particle size analysis of soil. Uji pH mengacu pada method 9045D USEPA
tentang soil and waste pH. Uji kadar air dilakukan mengacu pada ASTM D2216-71 dengan
pendekatan metode gravimetrik. Uji permeabilitas mengacu pada ASTM 2434 – 68 tentang
permeability test, sedangkan uji kadar merkuri menggunakan metode dhithizone.
Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara dan kuisioner kepada 25 responden,
dengan parameter berupa masalah keselamatan, kesehatan kerja (K3), produk hukum, kejadian
penyakit yang ditimbulkan, mata pencaharian penduduk dan ekonomi masyarakat. Penentuan
strategi menggunakan metode strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber pencemaran merkuri berasal dari proses
pemisahan amalgam yang mengakibatkan merkuri terbuang ke tanah dan mencemari
lingkungan. Hasil analisis konsentrasi merkuri dalam tanah berkisar antara 0,30-22,51 mg/kg,
sehingga dikatakan telah melebihi baku mutu tanah tercemar merkuri sesuai Peraturan
Pemerintah No 101 tahun 2014 yaitu sebesar 0,3 mg/kg. Konsentrasi merkuri pada tailing
berkisar antara 164,16–383,21 mg/kg. Nilai tersebut telah melebihi baku mutu sesuai
Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No 202 tahun 2004 tentang baku mutu air limbah bagi
kegiatan penambangan bijih emas dan tembaga sebesar 0,005 mg/L atau setara dengan 0,005
mg/kg. Hasil analisis SWOT berupa strategi pengendalian pencemaran merkuri yaitu program
jangka pendek, menengah dan jangka panjang.
Program jangka pendek berupa pemerintah menutup sementara aktifitas pertambangan emas
rakyat sambil menunggu pengurusan izin dari para penambang. Program jangka menengah
berupa sosialisasi peraturan dari pemerintah berkaitan dengan pertambangan emas rakyat.
Program jangka panjang berupa pemantauan konsentrasi merkuri dalam tanah serta remediasi
lahan tercemar merkuri
========================================================================== Soil at the Kalirejo artisanal gold mining, Kulon Progo has been contaminated with
mercury. The pollution occurred due to tailing residue from gold amalgamation process. The
tailing residue spilled of the tank and contaminated the soil around the mining area. It can
harm people and the environment. This research aims to identify the sources of mercury
pollution in the Kulon Progo artisanal gold mining area, compare the contamination level of
mercury with the Government Regulation No 101/2014 and formulate strategies to control
mercury pollution in terms of technical, legal, and social aspects.
Particle size analysis of soils refers to ASTM D422, pH analysis refers to SW-846 Test
Method 9045D US EPA, moisture content analysis refers to ASTM D2216-71, and
permeability analysis refers to ASTM 2434-68. Mercury content was analyzed with dhithizone
method. The data collection with interview and questionnaire method was done with 25
respondents. Parameter for the interview and questionnaire consist of safety, occupational
health, law regulations, disease, occupation, and public economy matters. SWOT method
(Strength, weakness, opportunities, threats method) was used to defining the strategy.
The result showed that the source of mercury pollution proceed from the amalgam
separation process which result in mercury contamination in the soil and contaminated the
environment. The results of the analysis showed that the mercury concentrations in the soil
were 0.30-22.51 mg/kg and exceeded the soil quality standard according to the Government
Regulation No. 101/2014 (0.3 mg/kg). Mercury concentrations in the tailing were 164.16-
383.21 mg/kg. The mercury concentration in the tailing also exceeded the tailing quality
standard according to the Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 202/2004 (0.005 mg/kg).
The SWOT analysis produced the strategies to control mercury pollution in the short-term,
medium-term, and long-term period. The short-term period strategy was to close temporarily
the artisanal gold mining while waiting for permit from government. The medium-term period
strategy was by socialization of government regulation that was related to the artisanal gold
mining. The long-term period strategies were done with monitoring of mercury concentration
in the soil and remediation of the soil contaminated with mercury
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTL 628.168 3 Ban p-1 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | pencemaran, tambang emas rakyat, merkuri. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | EKO BUDI RAHARJO |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jan 2020 03:54 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jan 2020 03:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/72867 |
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