Arimukti, Tedy Krisna and Ramadhani, Widyastuti (2019) Tugas Desain Pabrik Garam Industri dari Garam Rakyat Dengan Proses Pencucian. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Garam merupakan salah satu senyawa anorganik yang berbentuk kristal berwarna bening, larut dalam air dan bersifat higroskopis serta dapat berbentuk kubus ataupun kristal. Mempunyai rumus molekul NaCl (Natrium Chlorida) dan berat molekul 58,45. Dahulu pemanfaatan NaCl sangat terbatas dimana biasanya hanya digunakan untuk bumbu masak sebagai pemberi rasa asin pada makanan, obat-obatan tradisional dan pengasinan pada ikan guna pengawetan. Namun kini kegunaan garam semakin luas seiring berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Terutama dalam penggunaan Garam Industri yang digunakan untuk menyokong perindustrian di Indonesia
Produksi garam nasional secara keseluruhan di Indonesia mencapai rata–rata 1.000.000 ton per/tahun. Untuk pemilihan garam rakyat sebagai bahan baku tentu sangat menguntungkan karena ketersediaan bahan baku yang mudah didapat, karena hampir semua garam yang diproduksi di Indonesia menggunakan cara konvensional dengan pemanfaatan panas matahari sehingga dihasilkan garam rakyat dengan kualitas yang masih rendah. Pendirian pabrik Garam Industri harus memperhatikan banyaknya produksi dan permintaan terhadap produk untuk menentukan kapasitas produksinya. Pabrik direncanakan mulai beroperasi tahun 2022. Dan ditetapkan kapasitas produksi pabrik Garam Industri sebesar 100.000 ton/ tahun.
Lokasi pendirian pabrik garam industri ini direncanakan di kecamatan Bulu, Rembang. Dengan penentuan lokasi pendirian pabrik yang didasarkan pada beberapa alasan, yaitu dekat dengan bahan baku (garam rakyat melimpah), ketersediaan sumber air (dekat dengan laut), ketersediaan power (PLN), sarana transportasi dan pemasaran dekat dengan jalan utama pantura. Proses pembuatan garam industri terbagi atas enam macam, yaitu Vacuum Pan Process, Open Pan, Rock Salt Mining, Solar Evaporation, rekristalisasi dan Pencucian dengan Brine. Proses pencucian dengan brine dipilih karena menghasilkan produk yang baik (kadar NaCl >94,7%), dengan peralatan yang relatif murah dan sederhana dibanding proses lain. Secara umum proses pembuatan dengan proses terpilih dibagi menjadi 3 tahapan proses, yaitu tahap Pre Treatment bahan baku, tahap pencucian dan pemisahan, dan tahap pengeringan dan pengemasan produk. Proses pertama, bahan baku berupa garam rakyat dengan kandungan NaCl sebesar 80,75% dari gudang penyimpanan (F-111) dimasukkan kedalam Roll Crusher I (C-110) agar kristal garam terpecah lebih kecil sehingga dapat dicuci pengotornya. Proses kedua adalah pencucian dan pemisahan. Kristal garam yang telah terpecah akan dicuci dengan brine pada Mixer Tank I (M-210) sehingga diharapkan pengotor akan larut dalam brine. Produk garam industri dan brine kotor akan dipisahkan dengan Thickener (H-228) untuk kemudian sisa brine kotor yang masih ada pada produk dipisahkan lagi dengan Centrifuge (H-220). Proses ketiga pengeringan dan pengemasan. Produk garam industri akan dikeringan dengan Rotary Dryer (B-310) untuk menghilangkan sisa air yang masih ada untuk kemudian didinginkan dengan Rotary Cooler (B-320) dan dilakukan pengemasan. Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca massa, untuk memenuhi kapasitas produksi sebanyak 100.000 ton/tahun dibutuhkan bahan baku garam rakyat sebanyak 134.738,347 ton/tahun. Proses produksi juga didukung oleh tersebut dilaksanakan dengan 320 hari per tahunnya. Pabrik garam industri ini merupakan perusahaan yang berbadan hukum Untuk dapat mendirikan pabrik dengan kapasitas 100.000 ton/tahun diperlukan total modal investasi sebesar Rp 249.737.412.461,- dan total biaya produksi sebesar Rp 336.998.106.269,96,- dengan estimasi hasil penjualan Rp 466.587.000.000,- per tahun. Dengan estimasi umur pabrik 10 tahun, dapat diketahui internal rate of return (IRR) sebesar 29,81%, pay out time (POT) 3,24 Tahun dan break even point (BEP) sebesar 45,3%.
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Salt is one of the inorganic compounds in the form of clear colored crystals, soluble in water and is hygroscopic and can be in the form of cubes or crystals. Has a molecular formula of NaCl (Sodium Chloride) and a molecular weight of 58.45. In the past, the use of NaCl was very limited which was usually only used for cooking spices as a salty flavoring in food, traditional medicines and salting fish for preservation. But now the use of salt is increasingly widespread as the development of science and technology. Especially in the use of Industrial Salt which is used to support industry in Indonesia Overall national salt production in Indonesia reaches an average of 1,000,000 tons per year. The selection of people's salt as a raw material is certainly very beneficial because of the availability of raw materials that are easily obtained, because almost all salt produced in Indonesia uses conventional methods with the utilization of solar heat so that people's salt is produced with still low quality. The establishment of the Industrial Salt factory must pay attention to the amount of production and demand for the product to determine its production capacity. The plant is planned to start operating in 2022. And the production capacity of the Industrial Salt factory is set at 100,000 tons / year. The location of the establishment of an industrial salt factory is planned in Bulu district, Rembang. With the determination of the location of the establishment of the factory based on several reasons, namely close to raw materials (abundant salt of the people), availability of water sources (close to the sea), availability of power (PLN), transportation and marketing facilities close to the main pantura road. The process of making industrial salt is divided into six types, namely Vacuum Pan Process, Open Pan, Rock Salt Mining, Solar Evaporation, Recrystallization and Washing with Brine. Washing process with brine was chosen because it produces a good product (NaCl level> 94.7%), with equipment that is relatively inexpensive and simple compared to other processes. In general, the manufacturing process with the selected process is divided into 3 process stages, namely the Pre Treatment stage of raw materials, the washing and separating stage, and the drying and packaging stage of the product. The first process, the raw material in the form of people's salt with 80.75% NaCl content from the storage warehouse (F-111) is inserted into Roll Crusher I (C-110) so that the salt crystals are broken down so that the impurities can be washed. The second process is washing and separation. Salt crystals that have been split will be washed with brine in Mixer Tank I (M-210) so that it is expected that the impurities will dissolve in the brine. Industrial salt products and dirty brine will be separated with Thickener (H-228) and then the remaining dirty brine that is still present in the product is separated again with Centrifuge (H-220). The third process is drying and packaging. Industrial salt products will be dried with a Rotary Dryer (B-310) to remove any remaining water to be cooled with a Rotary Cooler (B-320) and packaged. Based on the calculation of the mass balance, to meet the production capacity of 100,000 tons / year it takes 134,738,347 tons / year of the people's salt raw material. The production process is also supported by that carried out with 320 days per year. This industrial salt factory is a legal entity company. To be able to set up a factory with a capacity of 100,000 tons / year, a total investment capital of Rp 249,737,412,461 is required, and a total production cost of Rp 336,998,106,269.96, with an estimated sales result of Rp 466,587. 000,000 per year. With an estimated factory life of 10 years, we can know the internal rate of return (IRR) of 29.81%, pay out time (POT) 3.24 years and break even point (BEP) of 45.3%
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 664.4 Ari p-1 2020 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Garam Rakyat, Proses Pencucian, Garam Industri |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.S4 Separators (Machine) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Widyastuti Ramadhani |
| Date Deposited: | 31 May 2024 03:28 |
| Last Modified: | 31 May 2024 03:28 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/73762 |
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