Romadhon, Maulana Ray (2020) Optimasi Performa Gasifikasi Pelepah Kelapa Sawit pada Downdraft Gasifier Menggunakan Masukan Udara Tiga Tingkat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Biomassa adalah salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang paling menjanjikan. Gasifikasi adalah teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengonversi biomassa pelepah kelapa sawit (OPF) menjadi syngas yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pada mesin diesel dan pembangkit listrik. Bahan baku OPF dijadikan pelet untuk meningkatkan kerapatan dan mengurangi kelembapan. Gasifier tipe downdraft digunakan karena memiliki laju produksi tar yang paling rendah. Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk mengoptimasi performa gasifikasi dalam parameter komposisi, laju produksi gas, LHV, efisiensi gas dingin, dan kandungan tar dari syngas menggunakan masukan udara tiga tingkat ke dalam zona pirolisis, oksidasi, dan reduksi.Eksperimen ini dilaksanakan dengan menambah tiga tingkat masukan udara ke zona pirolisis, oksidasi, dan reduksi. Menggunakan ER 0,4, perbandingan laju masa udara masuk, yang dinyatakan dalam istilah AR (Air mass flow Ratio), pada zona pirolisis:oksidasi:reduksi divariasikan pada nilai 0 ; 10 ; 0 , 1 ; 6 ; 3, 2 ; 6 ; 2, 3 ; 6 ;1, 2 ; 5 ; 3, 3 ; 5 ; 2, 1 ; 8 ; 1, 2 ; 7 ; 1, and 1 ; 7 ; 2. AR yang dimasukkan ke tiap zona divariasikan menggunakan valve. Temperatur di sepanjang zona diukur menggunakan termokopel tipe K yang dipasang sepanjang tinggi reaktor. Kandungan tar diukur dengan menimbang berat tar yang terkondensasi pada timbangan. Laju produksi gas diukur langsung pada tabung pitot outlet. Komposisi syngas ditentukan melalui uji Gas Chromatography. Efisiensi gas-dingin dihitung dari data hasil eksperimen. Penggunaan masukan udara tiga tingkat pada zona pirolisis, oksidasi, dan reduksi diharapkan dapat menginisiasi reaksi pirolisis oksidatif dan oksidasi heterogen yang dapat menigkatkan komposisi, laju produksi, LHV, efisiensi gas-dingin, dan mengurangi kandungan tar dari syngas. Melihat penelitian sebelumnya, performa gasifier dihipotesiskan memuncak pada rasio 1:8:1. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan distribusi temperatur, dimana ada penurunan temperature di zona oksidasi dan kenaikan suhu pada zona pirolisis dan reduksi, masing-masing 124°C and 20°C pada titik paling puncak . LHV syngas maksimum sebesar 4524,97 kj/kg tercapai pada AR 1;7;2 dengan komposisi syngas CO: 21,12% v, H2: 12,39% v, CH4: 1,33% v, dan CO2: 10,90% v. Laju produksi gas tertinggi sebesar 0,00293 kg/s dicapai pada variasi AR 3;6;1. Efisiensi gas-dingin tertinggi sebesar 58,34% tercapai pada variasi AR 1;7;2. Kandungan tar terkecil sebesar 48,57 mg/Nm3 dicapai pada variasi AR 3;6;1.
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Biomass is one of the most promising source of renewable energy. Gasification is the technology used to convert Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) biomass into syngas that can be used for alternative fuel in diesel engines and electricity generation. OPF feedstock was pelletized to increase feedstock compactness and reduce moisture content. Downdraft gasifier was used due to having the lowest tar content in its product. The objective of this research was to optimize gasification performance in terms of composition, gas production rate, LHV, cold-gas efficiency, and tar content of the syngas by using three stage air intake into the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones. The experiment was performed by introducing three stages of air intake into the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones, respectively. Using ER of 0,4, the ratio of the air inlet mass flow, which is stated in the term of AR (Air mass flow ratio) of yrolysis:oxidation:reduction zones, was varied at the values of 0 ; 10 ; 0 , 1 ; 6 ; 3, 2 ; 6 ; 2, 3 ; 6 ;1, 2 ; 5 ; 3, 3 ; 5 ; 2, 1 ; 8 ; 1, 2 ; 7 ; 1, and 1 ; 7 ; 2. The AR injected into each zones are adjusted using valves. The temperature distribution along the height of the reactor measures by type K thermocouples installed along the height of the reactor. The tar content is measured by weighing the condensed tar on the weight balance. Gas production rate is directly measured from the outlet pitot tube. The composition of syngas is determined through gas chromatography test. Cold-gas efficiency is calculated from experiment result data. The use of three stage air intake into the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones is expected to result in the initiation of oxidative pyrolysis and heterogeneous oxidation reactions which will subsequently increase the composition, production rate, LHV, cold-gas efficiency, and reduce tar content of the syngas. Considering previous researches, the performance of the gasifier is hypothesized to peak at 1:8:1 ratio. The results of the study showed that there was a change in the temperature distribution, where there was a decrease in temperature in the oxidation zone and the temperature increase in the pyrolysis and reduction zones, by 124°C and 20°C at their respective peak points . Maximum syngas LHV of 4524,97 kj/kg is achieved at 1;7;2 AR variation with the syngas composition of CO: 21,12% v, H2: 12,39% v, CH4: 1,33% v, and CO2: 10,90% v. The highest gas production rate achieved was 0,00293 kg/s at 3;6;1 AR variation. The highest Cold-Gas efficiency of 58,34% was achieved at 1;7;2 AR variation. The lowest tar content of 48,57 mg/Nm3 achieved at 3;6;1 AR variation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSM 662.88 Rom o-1 2020 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Gasification,three stage, OPF, performance |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Maulana Ray Romadhon |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Mar 2025 03:05 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Mar 2025 03:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/73972 |
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