Siswanto, Bachtiyar Budi (2020) Studi Hasil Bahan Bakar Gas melalui Pengolahan Sampah Kota dengan Proses Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) dan Gasifikasi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) merupakan limbah padat perkotaan hasil pembuangan dari aktivitas masyarakat. Sampah dapat menjadi masalah bagi pemerintah, lingkungan, maupun kesehatan masyarakat. Berdasarkan data yang dicatat oleh Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan tahun 2017, volume MSW di Indonesia sepanjang 2017 tercatat sebesar 65,8 juta ton. Di sisi lain, potensi energi sampah (MSW) yang dimiliki Indonesia dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengembangan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah (PLTSa). Teknologi pengelolaan sampah saat ini pada umumnya adalah insenerasi atau pembakaran, dimana dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan karena zat-zat yang berbahaya dilepas ke udara selama proses. Hydrotermal Carbonization (HTC) muncul sebagai salah satu solusi pengelolaan sampah kota yang lebih ramah lingkungan. HTC dapat memproses sampah dengan kadar air yang masih cukup tinggi dengan menghasilkan hydrochar yang kemudian diproses menjadi briket untuk meningkatkan densitasnya. Briket hydrochar digunakan sebagai bahan bakar pada proses gasifikasi sehingga menghasilkan syngas (bahan bakar gas). Pada studi ini, sampel sampah di lima kota di Jawa Timur-Indonesia dianalisis untuk menentukan komponen material ultimate dan proximate. Hasil dari pengujian ultimate dan proximate sampah digunakan sebagai data masukan untuk melakukan simulasi proses HTC dan gasifikasi. Efek dari proses HTC-gasifikasi dapat menaikkan kandungan karbon, nilai kalor, dan hasil syngas. Metode analisis menggunakan perhitungan mass and energy balance, heating value, dan energy efficiency produk. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata hydrochar yield sebesar 69,09% dengan rata rata kenaikan heating value 31,67%. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa proses HTC menghasilkan produk hydrochar dengan menurunkan massa bahan baku sampah dan menaikkan kandungan kalor produk dari hasil proses HTC. Energy yield tertinggi terdapat pada hydrochar kota Surabaya dengan efisiensi energi sebesar 89,47%. Nilai ini dapat mengidikasikan potensial pembangkitan energi dari bahan baku sampah di suatu daerah.
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Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) is a result of wastes disposal from public activities. Wastes can be a problem for the government, environmental, and public health. Based on the data recorded by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2017, the volume of MSW in Indonesia in 2017 amounted to 65.8 million tons. On the other side, the energy potential of wastes (MSW) in Indonesia is given an effect on the development of power plant wastes (PLTSa). Current wastes management technologies, in general, is incineration which can cause environmental pollution due to harmful substances released into the atmosphere during the combustion process. Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) has emerged as one of the municipal wastes management solutions that are more environmentally friendly. HTC can process wastes with water levels that are still high to produce hydrochar which is then processed into briquettes to increase its density. Hydrochar briquettes are used as fuel in the gasification process to produce syngas (fuel gas). In this study, the wastes samples in five cities in East Java-Indonesia were analyzed to determine the ultimate and proximate material components. The results of the testing of ultimate and proximate wastes are used as input data to perform process simulation, HTC and gasification. The effects of the HTC-gasification process can increase the carbon contents, calorific value, and the syngas products. The method of analysis uses mass and energy balance calculations, heating value and the energy efficiency of the products. The results shows an average hydrochar yield of 69.09% with an average increase of 31.67% on the heating value. This value indicates that the HTC process produces hydrochar by reducing the mass of wastes materials and increases the caloric contents of the products of the HTC process. The highest energy yield of hydrochar is Surabaya City with an energy efficiency of 89.47%. This value indicates the potential generation of energy from wastes materials in this area
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTSP 662.88 Sis s-1 2020 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Hydrothermal Carbonization, HTC, Gasification, Municipal Solid Waste |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Siswanto Bachtiyar Budi |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Oct 2024 09:01 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Oct 2024 09:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/73999 |
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