Supriadi, Eko (2016) Pembuatan Biofuel Dari Minyak Kelapa Dengan Bantuan Gelombang Ultrasonic. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Bahan bakar minyak bumi merupakan salah satu sumber energi utama
yang banyak digunakan berbagai negara di dunia pada saat ini. Kebutuhan bahan
bakar ini selalu meningkat, seiring dengan penggunaannya dibidang industri
maupun transportasi. Ketersediaan bahan bakar minyak bumi terbatas dan sifatnya
tidak terbarukan, sehingga diprediksikan akan ada kelangkaan bahan bakar
minyak. Kelangkaan inilah yang menimbulkan adanya krisis energi di
dunia,sehingga membutuhkan sumber energy alternatif diantaranya biofuel.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat Biofuel dalam hal ini Fatty Acid
Methyl Ester (FAME) dari minyak kelapa secara batch melalui proses
transesterifikasi metanol, menggunakan bantuan Ultrasonic dengan katalis
heterogen yaitu : K/γ-Al2O3 dan Ca/γ-Al2O3. Reaksi dilakukan dengan
menggunakan variabel perbandingan mol minyak kelapa:metanol (1:9) mol,
konsentrasi berat katalis untuk tiap-tiap katalis K/γ-Al2O3 dan Ca/γ-Al2O3
terhadap minyak kelapa (0,5% ;1,0% ; 1,5% ; 2% dan 2,5%), waktu reaksi (30, 60,
90, 120 dan 150 detik) dan variasi gelombang pada ultrasonic (20 dan 40 KHz).
Proses pembuatan Biofuel dilakukan melalui tahap preparasi katalis K/γAl2O3 dan Ca/γ-Al2O3, tahap reaksi transesterifikasi, tahap pemisahan dan
pemurnian dari impurities dan tahap analisa hasil. Analisa hasil biofuel antara lain
adalah analisa densitas, viskositas, yield dan Flash Point. Proses transesterifikasi
minyak kelapa menggunakan gelombang ultrasonic menghasilkan FAME yaitu
pada konsentrasi katalis K/-Al2O3 2,5% dengan waktu reaksi 150 detik dan
frekuensi gelombang ultrasonic 40 kHz menghasilkan yield FAME sebesar
93,19%. Untuk katalis Ca/ γ-Al2O3 diperoleh yield sebesar 29,76% pada frekuensi
gelombang ultrasonik 40 kHz, konsentrasi katalis 2,5% dan waktu reaksi 150
detik. Dari hasil perhitungan kinetika reaksi diperoleh bahwa reaksi
transesterifikasi minyak kelapa menggunakan gelombang ultrasonic merupakan
reaksi dengan orde reaksi 1. Diperoleh nilai k untuk katalis K/-Al2O3 (0,053 –
0,058)-s
dan untuk katalis Ca/-Al2O3 (0,0012 – 0,0023)-s
. Dan energi aktivasi
untuk katalis K/-Al2O3 6,287 kJ/mol dan katalis Ca/-Al2O3 5,251 kJ/mol
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Petroleum fuels is one of the main energy source used by many countries
in the world today. Fuel needs are always increasing, along with its use in
industrial and transportation. The availability of petroleum fuels is limited and is
not renewable, so that will take place for scarcity of fuel. That can cause the
energy crisis in the world. We need alternative of energy sources including
biofuels.
This study aims to produce Biofuel in this case Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
(FAME) of coconut oil in batches reactor through a transesterification process
methanol using Ultrasonic assistance with the heterogeneous catalysts, namely:
K/γ-Al2O3 and Ca/γ-Al2O3. The reaction is conducted by using a variable mole
ratio of coconut oil: methanol (1: 9) mol, a heavy concentration of catalyst for
each catalyst K/γ-Al2O3 and Ca/γ-Al2O3 against coconut oil (0.5%; 1.0% , 1.5%,
2% and 2.5%), reaction time (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds) and the variation
in the ultrasonic waves (20 and 40 KHz).
The biofuel-production process is done through the stage of preparation of
the catalyst K/γ-Al2O3 and Ca/γ-Al2O3, transesterification reaction step, phase
separation and purification from impurities and results analysis phase. Analysis
of the results of biofuel include the analysis of density, viscosity, yield and Flash
Point. Coconut oil transesterification process using ultrasonic waves to produce
FAME is the catalyst concentration K/-Al2O3 2.5% with a reaction time of 150
seconds and a frequency of 40 kHz ultrasonic waves produce FAME yield of
93.19%. For catalysts Ca/γ-Al2O3 obtained a yield of 29.76% at a frequency of 40
kHz ultrasonic waves, the catalyst concentration of 2.5% and a reaction time of
150 seconds. From the calculation shows that the reaction kinetics of the
transesterification reaction of palm oil using ultrasonic waves is a reaction to the
reaction order 1. Provided the value of k for catalyst K/-Al2O3 (0.053-0.058)-s
and for catalysts Ca/-Al2O3 (0.0012-0.0023)-s
. And the activation energy for the
catalyst K/-Al2O3 6,287 kJ / mol and catalyst Ca/-Al2O3 5.251 kJ / mol
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTK 662.88 Sup p |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Transesterifikasi, Katalis, Minyak kelapa, Biofuel, FAME |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP339 Ethanol as fuel. Biomass energy. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | ansi aflacha |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jul 2020 03:32 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jul 2020 03:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/76318 |
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