Ciptaningayu, Tresta Nurina (2020) Identifikasi Sumber Pencemar Logam Pada Particulate Matter (PM)(Studi Kasus: Surabaya Barat). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kota Surabaya khususnya di wilayah Surabaya bagian barat digunakan sebagai daerah industri, pergudangan TPA (Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir),dan pelabuhan. Aktivitas pada semua lokasi tersebut berpotensi menghasilkan emisi PM2,5 dan PM2,5-10. PM2,5 dan PM2,5-10 mengandung logam. Partikulat ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernafasan serta kematian. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan penelitian mengenai konsentrasi PM2,5 dan PM2,5-10 serta logam berat yang terkandung di dalam PM.
Pengambilan sampel PM2,5 dan PM2,5-10 menggunakan Gent Stacked Filter Unit (Gent SFU) setiap enam (6) hari sekali pada bulan Oktober 2019-April 2020. Sampel tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara gravimetri untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi massa dariPM2,5 dan PM10 serta dilakukan analisis menggunakan XRF (X-Ray Fluorescene) untuk mengetahui unsur yang terkandung dalam PM2,5 dan PM2,5-10 serta konsentrasinya. Konsentrasi unsur tersebut selanjutnya digunakan sebagai input PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) untuk mengidentifikasi potensi sumber pencemar. Hasil analisis PMF digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi sumber pencemar dengan menggunakan CPF (Conditional Probability Function).
Konsentrasi PM2,5 dan PM10 diketahui sebesar 11,47 µg/m3 dan 27,49 µg/m3atau sebesar 11,45 µg/Nm3 dan 26,98 µg/Nm3 dengan unsur yang teridentifikasi sebanyak 18 unsur, yaitu Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Cl, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br dan Pb. Potensi sumber pencemar PM2,5 adalah gabungan industri Cu dan pembakaran biomassa, aktivitas industri Ni, aktivitas industri logam non ferrous, aktivitas transportasi, aktivitas industri besi dan baja, aktivitas konstruksi, debu tanah dan aktivitas pelabuhan serta aktivitas industri Pb. Potensi sumber pencemar PM2,5-10 adalah aktivitas konstruksi, debu tanah, aktivitas transportasi, aktivitas industri logam non ferrous, aktivitas industri Ni, aktivitas pelabuhan, dan garam laut. Estimasi lokasi sumber pencemar PM2,5 dan PM2,5-10 adalah daerah yang membentang dari utara hingga barat daya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, konsentrasi PM2,5 dan PM2,5-10 serta konsentrasi unsur logamnya masih memenuhi baku mutu. Kebijakan yang disarankan adalah upaya mitigasi agar konsentrasi tersebut tetap memenuhi kualitas baku mutu dengan melakukan pemasangan barrier dengan green vegetation serta menetapkan ambang batas yang diijinkan untuk konsentrasi logamberat. Namun kedua saran tersebut tidak dalam lingkup penelitian ini, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lanjutan terkait dengan hal tersebut.
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Surabaya city, especially western area of Surabaya is utilized as industrial,warehousing, final disposal site (FDS),and port areas. Activities at those areas produce emissions particularly PM2,5 (particulate matter less than 2,5 µm) and PM10(particulate matter less than 10 µm). PM2,5 and PM2,5-10contain metals.These particulates cause respiratory disorders and death. Therefore, it is necessary to research the concentration of PM2,5 and PM2,5-10 and the heavy metals contained in the PMs.
Sampling for PM2,5 and PM2,5-10were conducted using Gent Stacked Filter Unit (Gent SFU) every six (6) days between October 2019-April 2020. The samples then were analyzed using gravimetry to gain a mass concentration of PM2,5 and PM10 and analyzed using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescene) to determine the elements contained within PM2,5 and PM2,5-10 and their concentration. The concentration of elements is then used as PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) inputs to identify potential pollutant sources. The results of the PMF analysis are then used to determine the source of location of pollutants by using CPF (Conditional Probability Function).
The observed concentrations of PM2,5 and PM10are 11.47 μg/m3 and 27.49 μg/m3 or 11.45 μg/Nm3 and 26.98 μg/Nm3. 18 elements areidentified in the PMs, namely Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Cl, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, and Pb. Potential sources of pollutants PM2,5 are a combination of Cu industries and biomass burning, Ni industries, non-ferrous metal industries, transportation activities, iron and steel industries, construction activities, dust, port activities, and Pb industries. Potential sources of pollutants for PM2,5-10 are construction activities, dust, transportation activities, non-ferrous metals industries, Ni industries. The estimated location of the pollutants of PM2,5 and PM2,5-10 are spread out from north to southwest. Based on the analysis, the concentrations of PM2,5, PM2,5-10, and metal elements are still met the standard quality. The policies for mitigating the pollution are by applying green vegetation barriers and applying the allowable threshold of heavy metals concentration in the city. The policies suggested in this research are beyond the scope of this research and needed to be determined through another research.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | particulate matter, logam, industri, green vegetation particulate matter, heavy metal, industry, green vegetation |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Tresta Nurina Ciptaningayu |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Aug 2020 02:35 |
| Last Modified: | 26 May 2023 13:49 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/78645 |
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