Arifin, Ivan Ramadhan (2020) Optimasi Performa Gasifikasi Refuse-Derived Fuel Pada Downdraft Gasifier Menggunakan Masukan Udara Tiga Tingkat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Konsumsi minyak bumi Indonesia melebihi produksi yang menjadikan Indonesia sebagai importir minyak bumi. Minyak bumi merupakan energi fosil yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan energi fosil secara terus-menerus untuk segala aspek kehidupan menyebabkan ketersediaan energi fosil semakin menipis seiring bertambahnya pemakaian energi. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi krisis energi, yaitu mencari sumber-sumber energi alternatif terbaharukan yang murah. Biomassa merupakan salah satu potensi sumber energi alternatif yang murah. Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sumber biomassa. Gasifier tipe downdraft digunakan karena memiliki laju produksi tar yang paling rendah. Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk mengoptimasi performa gasifikasi dalam parameter komposisi, laju produksi gas, LHV, efisiensi gas dingin, dan kandungan tar dari syngas menggunakan masukan udara tiga tingkat ke dalam zona pirolisis, oksidasi, dan reduksi.
Eksperimen ini dilaksanakan dengan menambah tiga tingkat masukan udara ke zona pirolisis, oksidasi, dan reduksi. Menggunakan AFR 4.5, perbandingan laju masa udara masuk, yang dinyatakan dalam istilah AR (Air mass flow Ratio), pada zona pirolisis:oksidasi:reduksi divariasikan pada nilai 0 ; 10 ; 0 , 1 ; 6 ; 3, 2 ; 6 ; 2, 3 ; 6 ;1, 2 ; 5 ; 3, 3 ; 5 ; 2, 1 ; 8 ; 1, 2 ; 7 ; 1, and 1 ; 7 ; 2. AR yang dimasukan ke tiap zona divariasikan menggunakan valve. Temperatur di sepanjang zona diukur menggunakan termokopel tipe K yang dipasang sepanjang tinggi reaktor. Kandungan tar diukur dengan menimbang berat tar yang terkondensasi pada timbangan. Laju produksi gas diukur langsung pada tabung pitot outlet. Komposisi syngas ditentukan melalui uji Gas Chromatography. Efisiensi gas-dingin dihitung dari data hasil eksperimen.
Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan distribusi temperatur, dimana ada kenaikan suhu pada zona pirolisis, oksidasi, dan reduksi, masing-masing 144,70°C, 180,25℃ dan 105,00°C pada titik paling puncak . LHV syngas maksimum sebesar 3365,08 kj/kg tercapai pada AR 1;7;2 dengan komposisi syngas CO: 18,68% v, H2: 9,5446% v, CH4: 0% v, dan CO2: 9,45% v. Laju produksi gas tertinggi sebesar 0,0033052kg/s dicapai pada variasi AR 1;8;1. Efisiensi gas-dingin tertinggi sebesar 57,19% tercapai pada variasi AR 1;7;2. Kandungan tar terkecil sebesar 80,24 mg/Nm3 dicapai pada variasi AR 1;8;1
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Indonesia's oil consumption exceeds production which makes Indonesia an importer of petroleum. Petroleum is fossil energy that cannot be renewed. Therefore, the continuous use of fossil energy for all aspects of life causes the availability of fossil energy to decrease with increasing energy use. Efforts are made in overcoming the energy crisis, which is looking for alternative renewable energy sources that are cheap. Biomass is a potential alternative source of cheap energy. Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) has the potential to be used as a source of biomass. Downdraft type gasifier is used because it has the lowest tar production rate. The purpose of this research is to optimize the performance of gasification in the composition parameters, gas production rate, LHV, cold gas efficiency, and tar content of syngas using three-stage air input into the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones.
This experiment was carried out by adding three stage of air input to the pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction zones. Using AFR 4.5, the ratio of the rate of incoming air mass, expressed in terms of AR (Air mass flow Ratio), in the pyrolysis zone: oxidation: reduction is varied at the value of 0; 10; 0, 1; 6; 3, 2; 6; 2, 3; 6; 1, 2; 5; 3, 3; 5; 2, 1; 8; 1, 2; 7; 1, and 1; 7; 2. AR entered into each zone is varied using a valve. Temperature throughout the zone was measured using a K type thermocouple mounted along the reactor height. The tar content is measured by weighing the weight of the tar condensed on the scale. The gas production rate is measured directly at the pitot outlet tube. The syngas composition was determined through the Gas Chromatography test. Cold gas efficiency is calculated from experimental results..
The results of the study showed a change in temperature distribution, where there was an increase in temperature in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones, respectively 144.70 ° C, 180.25 ℃ and 105.00 ° C at the peak point. The maximum syngas LHV of 3365.08 kj / kg was achieved at AR 1; 7; 2 with the composition of CO syngas: 18.68% v, H2: 9.5446% v, CH4: 0% v, and CO2: 9.45% v. The highest gas production rate of 0.0033052 kg/s was achieved in variations of AR 1, 8: 1. The highest cold gas efficiency of 57.19% was achieved in AR 1, 7, 2 variations. The smallest tar content of 80.24 mg / Nm3 was achieved in variations of AR 1, 8: 1
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | gasifikasi, masukan udara tiga tingkat, Refuse-Derived Fuel, performa, downdraft gasifier, gasification, three-stage air input, Refuse-Derived Fuel, performance, downdraft gasifier |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ivan Ramadhan Arifin |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Aug 2020 08:52 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Oct 2023 16:16 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/81564 |
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