Barokah, Barokah (2021) Pengembangan Heat Recovery Jacket Cooler Sebagai Pemanas Bahan Bakar B20 Untuk Meningkatkan Performa Dan Menurunkan Emisi Pada Mesin Diesel. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.
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Abstract
Perkembangan industri mesin diesel di dunia mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan berbagai jenis bahan bakar diesel. Biodiesel B20 merupakan jenis biodiesel yang banyak digunakan di Indonesia saat ini. Disamping berbagai kelebihannya biodiesel juga memiliki kekurangan seperti viskositas, densitas dan presipitasi lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan diesel fosil. Proses pembakaran biodiesel pada mesin diesel selain menghasilkan performa juga menghasilkan emisi yang mencemari lingkungan sekitarnya. Berbagai upaya untuk menemukan solusi terkait hal tersebut telah banyak dilakukan diantaranya dengan melakukan pemanasan bahan bakar.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan fin baffle – shell and tube heat exchanger dan menganalisis pengaruh yang ditimbulkannya serta menerapkannya pada sistem pemanas bahan bakar dengan memanfaatkan heat recovery jacket cooler. Selain itu juga menganalisis pengaruh pemanasan biodiesel B20 terhadap karakteristik spray, pembakaran, performa dan emisi.
Metode yang digunakan adalah simulasi dan eksperimen. Untuk mengelaborasi pemodelan dan simulasi fin baffle-shell and tube heat exchanger menggunakan software Solidwork 2018, selanjutnya membuat prototipe untuk memanaskan biodiesel. Pengujian eksperimen dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemanasan bahan bakar terhadap karakteristik spray, pembakaran, performa, dan emisi. Pengujian karakteristik spray menggunakan rangkaian sistem bahan bakar terdiri dari pompa injeksi, pipa tekanan tinggi dan injektor dengan variasi temperatur 30oC, 40oC, 50oC, 60oC dan 70oC adapun tekanan injeksi adalah 120 kg/cm2. Pengujian pembakaran, performa, dan emisi menggunakan engine test bed dengan mesin diesel 4 silinder dan dinamometer didukung peralatan lain seperti combustion analyser serta gas analiser. Variasi temperatur biodiesel sama dengan pengujian karakteristik spray, kecepatan mesin pada 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200 rpm, sedangkan load pada 100%. Pemanasan biodiesel B20 menggunakan metode heat recovery jacket cooler dengan maksimum temperatur 83oC.
Penelitian yang dilakukan menghasilkan model fin baffle-shell and tube heat exchanger yang secara simulasi dengan masukan panas jacket cooler 85oC mampu memanaskan biodiesel B20 mencapai temperatur 78.75oC. Selain itu penelitian juga menghasilkan prototipe fin baffle-shell and tube heat exchanger yang dibuat sesuai dengan luaran desain dan pemodelan. Prototipe yang diinstalasi pada sistem pemanas bahan bakar dengan metode heat recovery jacket cooler mampu memanaskan biodiesel B20 hingga 70.4oC yang selanjutnya memberikan efek secara nyata pada peningkatan performa 11 % dan penurunan emisi 59 %. Disamping itu efek pemanasan biodiesel B20 pada range 40oC-60oC dapat meningkatkan kualitas karakteristik spray 10 % dan pembakaran 16 %. Dengan demikian maka metode ini dapat digunakan pada operasi mesin diesel karena sumber media pemanas cukup tersedia yaitu dengan memanfaatkan sirkulasi jacket cooler. Selain itu pemasangannya cukup mudah hanya memerlukan penyesuaian pada sistem bahan bakar dan sistem pendinginan
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The development of the diesel engine industry in the world causes the increasing need for various types of diesel fuel. Biodiesel B20 is a common type of biodiesel that is used in Indonesia today. Besides its various advantages, biodiesel also has disadvantages such as higher viscosity, density and precipitation than fossil diesel. The process of biodiesel combustion in a diesel engine, besides producing performance, it also produces emissions that pollute the surrounding environment. Various attempts to find a solution related to this have been done, including preheating of fuel.
This research aims to develop a fin baffle - shell and tube heat exchanger and analyze the effect and apply it to a fuel heating system by utilizing a heat recovery jacket cooler. Besides, it also analyzes the biodiesel B20 heating effect on the characteristics of spray, combustion, performance and emissions.
The methods used are simulation and experiment. To elaborate on the modelling and simulation of the fin baffle-shell and tube heat exchanger using the Solidwork 2018 software, then create a prototype to heat biodiesel. Experimental testing is carried out to analyze the fuel heating effect on spray, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics. Testing the spray characteristics using a series of fuel systems consists of an injection pump, high pressure pipe and an injector with temperature variations of 30oC, 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and 70oC while the injection pressure is 120 kg/cm2. Testing of combustion, performance and emissions uses an engine testbed with a 4-cylinder diesel engine and dynamometer supported by other equipment such as a combustion analyzer and a gas analyzer. Biodiesel temperature variation is the same as the spray characteristic test, the engine speed is at 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200 rpm, while the load is at 100%. The heating of B20 biodiesel uses the heat recovery jacket cooler method with a maximum temperature 83oC.
The research conducted result in a fin baffle-shell and tube heat exchanger model which simulated with the heat input of an 85oC jacket cooler was able to heat B20 biodiesel to a temperature of 78.75oC. In addition, the research also produced a prototype of the fin baffle-shell and tube heat exchanger which was made according to the design and modelling output. The prototype installed on the fuel
heating system with the heat recovery jacket cooler method is able to heat B20 biodiesel to 70.4oC which has a significant effect on an 11% increase in performance and a 59% reduction in emissions. Besides, the heating effect of biodiesel B20 in the range of 40oC-60oC can improve the quality of the spray characteristics by 10% and combustion by 16%. Thus this method can be used in diesel engine operation because sufficient heating media sources are available by using the jacket cooler circulation. Besides that the installation is quite easy, it only requires adjustments to the fuel system and cooling system.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | B20 Fuel, Emissions, Heat Recovery Jacket Cooler, Performance |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ799 Diesel motor--Electronic control. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Ocean Engineering > 38001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr barokah Barokah |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Mar 2021 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Mar 2021 07:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/83670 |
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