Emzar, Kurnia Indah Putri (2021) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Penempatan Silinder Sirkular Di Depan Returning Blade Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius "Studi Kasus Untuk Ukuran Silinder Pengganggu d/D = 0,2 Dengan Rasio Peletakan S/D = 1,7; Pada Kecepatan Aliran Udara 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; dan 10 m/s". Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Berdasarkan Indonesian Energy Outlook and Statistic Tahun 2018, sebanyak 79% dari konsumsi energi di Indonesia saat ini berasal dari sumber energi tak terbarukan. Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber energi terbarukan seperti angin, matahari,air, panas bumi, laut dan lain-lain dengan potensi bisa mencapai 442 GW sedangkan yang terpakai baru 2,11%. Kapasitas pembangkit tenaga listrik mencapai 64,5 GW atau naik sebesar 3% dibandingkan kapasitas tahun 2017. Kapasitas ini sebagian besar berasal dari pembangkit energi fosil khususnya batubara sebanyak 50%, gas bumi 29%, dan energi terbarukan hanya sekitar 14%. Indonesia harus bergegas meninggalkan energi fosil seperti minyak bumi dan batubara, yang bisa memperparah krisis iklim, merusak lingkungan serta membebani anggaran belanja negara. Indonesia memiliki rata-rata kecepatan angin berkisar 3 – 7 m/s (BPPT, 2014), maka penggunaan Turbin Savonius sebagai sumber energi terbarukan merupakan pilihan ideal untuk dilakukan. Turbin angin Savonius tentunya memiliki kekurangan yaitu memiliki tingkat performa yang cukup rendah. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja turbin angin Savonius dengan meletakkan silinder pengganggu di depan returning blade.
Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimen menggunakan turbin angin Savonius dua sudu dengan diameter sudu (D) sebesar 165,2 mm, tinggi (H) 294,4 mm, diameter end plate (Do) sebesar 321 mm, dan diameter poros (b) sebesar 19 mm. Untuk menambahkan performa turbin ditambahkan silinder pengganggu yang dipasang di depan returning blade sehingga dapat mengurangi gaya hambat yang terjadi di depan returning blade dengan diameter silinder pengganggu terhadap diameter sudu turbin (d/D) sebesar 0,2. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan jarak silinder pengganggu terhadap diameter sudu turbin (S/D) sebesar 1,7. Selain itu digunakan variasi kecepatan angin (U) sebesar 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 dan 10 m/s. Pengukuran kecepatan angin dilakukan dengan menggunakan anemometer, pengukuran torsi statis menggunakan alat torquemeter, tachometer sebagai pengukur kecepatan putaran turbin, dan brake dynamometer sebagai pengukur torsi dinamis.
Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini yaitu didapatkan bahwa peletakan silinder pengganggu didepan returning blade turbin angin Savonius dengan jarak S/D = 1,7 dan d/D = 0,2 efektif meningkatkan coefficient of power, coefficient of moment dan torsi statis pada semua variasi kecepatan. Coefficient of Power tertinggi terdapat pada kecepatan 6 m/s dengan nilai CoP maksimum sebesar 0,676 atau naik sebesar 39,44% jika dibandingkan tanpa silinder pengganggu. Coefficient of Moment maksimum terdapat pada kecepatan 6 m/s sebesar 0,1572 atau naik sebesar 16,44% jika dibandingkan tanpa silinder pengganggu. Peletakan silinder pengganggu pada jarak S/D =1,7 dan rasio d/D = 0,2 juga terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan self starting pada semua variasi kecepatan yang digunakan.
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Based on the Indonesian Energy Outlook and Statistics 2018, as much as 79% of energy consumption in Indonesia currently comes from non-renewable energy. Indonesia is a country that rich in renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, water, geothermal, marine, and others with the potential reach to 442 GW while only 2.11% is used. The power plant capacity reached 64.5 GW or an increase of 3% compared to the capacity in 2017. This capacity is mostly dominated by fossil energy, especially coal as much as 50%, natural gas 29%, and renewable energy only around 14%. Indonesia must switch from fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal, which can cause the climate crisis, damage the environment, and increase the state budget. Indonesia has an average wind speed ranging from 3 - 7 m/s (BPPT, 2014), so the use of the Savonius Turbine as a renewable energy source is the ideal choice to do. The Savonius wind turbine certainly has a disadvantage it has a low level of performance. Therefore, this study was conducted to improve the performance of the Savonius wind turbine by placing a disturbance cylinder in front of the returning blade.
This research uses the Savonius wind turbine which has 2 turbine blades with turbine blade diameter (D) 165.2 mm, turbine height (H) 294.4 mm, endplate diameter (Do) 321 mm, and shaft diameter (b) 19 mm. The disrupting circular cylinder used in front of the returning blade has a diameter to diameter ratio of the turbine blade (d / D) of 0.2 and the variation of the distance between the disturbing cylinder and the turbine to the diameter of the turbine blade (S / D) is 1.7. Other equipment used is the axial fan to drive the Savonius turbine whose speed is regulated by a voltage regulator to obtain a wind speed of 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; and 10 m/s. To obtain a uniform airflow honeycomb is used in front of the axial fan. To find out the performance of the Savonius turbine, static torque measurements with torque meter, dynamic torque with brake dynamometer, wind speed with an anemometer, and Savonius wind turbine rotation with tachometer are performed.
The results experiment shows that placing the circular cylinder in front of returning blade of Savonius turbine with S/D = 1,7 and ratio of d/D = 0,2 is effective to improve the performance in all speed variations. This is based on an increase Coefficient of Power, Coefficient of Moment and static torque. The highest value in Coefficient of Power being 0.676 with placing the circular cylinder or rise 39.44% when compared to the CoP value without cylinder at velocity wind 6 m/s. The maximum value Coefficient of Moment was obtained at velocity wind 6 m/s with the addition of disturbance cylinder which obtained maximum value in 0.1572 or rise 16.44% compared to the CM value without cylinder. The addition of a circular cylinder in front of the returning blade turbine d/D = 0.2 and the distance of S/D = 1.7 for all variations of wind speed does cause the Savonius wind turbine has self starting.
Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Turbin Angin Savonius, Silinder pengganggu, Koefisien power, Torsi Statis, Torsi Dinamis, Koefisien Momen, Savonius wind turbine, disruptive circular cylinder, Coefficient of Power, static torque, dynamic torque, Coefficient of Moment |
Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Kurnia Indah Putri Emzar |
Date Deposited: | 09 Mar 2021 02:29 |
Last Modified: | 09 Mar 2021 02:29 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/83824 |
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