Arsyad, Muhammad (2021) Kinerja Badan Jalan Yang Tersusun Dari Variasi Lapisan Tanah Urugan Biasa Dan Urugan Non-Standard Dengan Perkuatan Geotextile Di Atas Tanah Sangat Lunak (Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Tapin Kalimantan Selatan). Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penggunaan material tanah setempat yang tidak memenuhi standard sebagai material-urugan (non-standard fill material) masih sangat jarang diterapkan pada proyek infrastruktur jalan, padahal non-standard fill material tersebut sering kali jumlahnya cukup melimpah sepanjang proyek jalan. Penggunaan lebih banyak material setempat yang non-standard ini di beberapa lokasi di Indonesia perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah pengadaan material urugan standard (urugan standard biasa = common fill, maupun urugan standard pilihan = selected fill) yang relatif mahal karena harus didatangkan dari tempat yang jauh; padahal di lokasi quarry asalnya, penambangan material urugan standard sering dianggap tidak ramah lingkungan. Mengingat hampir tidak ada studi di masa lalu tentang penggunaan non-standard fill material untuk embankment jalan, penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perilaku timbunan dari material setempat yang non-standard yang dikombinasi dengan urugan biasa (common fill) dan diperkuat dengan geotextile untuk dibandingkan dalam beberapa parameter berikut, yaitu: penurunan, pergerakan lateral, pengamatan visual permukaan jalan, dan biayanya.
Trial embankment skala penuh dengan lebar 10 meter dan tinggi timbunan total 2 meter dilaksanakan pada penelitian ini, yang merupakan segmen dari suatu jalan baru untuk kebun kelapa sawit sepanjang 3 km. lebih di Kabupaten Tapin, Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan.. Timbunan tersebut dibagi menjadi enam segmen dengan panjang masing-masing 20 meter dengan perbedaan perlakuan meliputi material timbunan yang berbeda dan jumlah lapisan geotextile. Pengukuran penurunan badan jalan dilakukan dengan memasang settlement plate pada bagian dasar timbunan. Pergerakan horizontal diukur dengan menggunakan inklinometer yang diletakkan ditepi timbunan. Pengamatan permukaan jalan juga dilakukan agar performanya dapat dinilai secara visual. Hasil pengukuran penurunan dan pergerakan horizontal tersebut dibandingkan dengan analisa numerik dengan menggunakan aplikasi Plaxis.
Selama pengamatan sampai lebih dari 2 tahun, penurunan maksimum terjadi pada Segmen 4 sebesar 14.4 cm, dengan material timbunan 2 lapis urugan biasa dan 2 lapis non-standard material dengan perkuatan geotexile. Besar penurunan di atas tersebut relatif kecil bila dibandingkan dengan penurunan rata-rata timbunan jalan di atas tanah lunak (umumnya antara 1/4 s/d 1/3 tinggi timbunan). Hasil model numerik (Mohr-Coulomb) untuk penurunan agak sedikit berbeda dibandingkan dengan pengamatan lapangan dengan selisih maksimum 4,2 cm. Lateral displacement maksimum terjadi pada Segmen 2 sebesar 2,29 cm, dengan material 1 lapis pasir dan urugan biasa dengan perkuatan geotexile. Hasil numerik lateral displacement juga mendekati pengamatan lapangan dengan selisih maksimum 2,92 cm, jadi model numerik (Mohr-Coulomb) bisa digunakan untuk pendekatan lapangan. Penilaian kinerja jalan berdasarkan penurunan, nilai visual kerusakan permukaan badan jalan, dan biaya memberikan kinerja yang terbaik adalah pada timbunan di Segmen 4, di mana digunakan lapisan non-standard material dan lapisan urugan biasa secara berimbang dengan perkuatan tambahan 2 lapis geotextile. Segmen 4 ini juga yang memiliki penilaian kondisi kerusakan permukaan jalan terbaik dari semua segmen. Akan tetapi dari segi biaya Segmen 6 adalah yang paling ekonomis, di mana seluruh lapisan timbunan jalan hanya berupa lapisan non-standard material dengan perkuatan tambahan 4 lapis geotextile.
Kata kunci: badan jalan dengan perkuatan geotextile, material urugan non-standard, pembangunan jalan di atas tanah sangat lunak, penelitian lapangan.
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The use of local soil materials that do not meet the standard fill soil material, also known as the non-standard fill material, is still very rarely applied to road infrastructure projects, whereas the non-standard fill material is often quite abundant along the road projects. The use of more local of non-standard materials in several locations in Indonesia needs to be done to overcome the problem of procuring the standard backfill materials (which include the common fill and the selected fill), since the standard fill materials are relatively expensive because they must be imported from other distant places elsewhere. Furthermore, in their quarry location of origin, mining of the standard fill materials is often considered not environmentally friendly. Considering that there were almost no studies in the past on the use of non-standard fill material for road embankments, this study aims to determine the embankment behavior of local non-standard materials combined with common fill and reinforced with geotextile to be compared in several parameters of the following: settlement, lateral movement, visual damages observation of the road surface, and costs.
A full-scale trial embankment with a width of 10 meters and a height of 2 meters was carried out in this study, which was part of a new road embankment of more than 3-km long for palm oil plantation in the District of Tapin of South Kalimantan Province. The embankment is divided into six segments of 20-meter long, each with different treatments, including different fill material and the number of geotextile layers. Measurement of the settlement was carried out by placing settlement plates at the base of the embankment. The horizontal displacement was measured using inclinometers placed on the edge of the embankment. Road surface observations are also carried out so that their performance can be visually assessed. The measurement results of the settlement and horizontal displacement were compared with numerical analysis using the Plaxis.
During the observation for more than 2 years, the maximum settlement occurred in Segment 4 of 14.4 cm, with 2 layers of common fill material and 2 layers of non-standard material with geotexile reinforcement. The amount of settlement above was relatively small when compared to the average settlement of road embankment on soft soil (generally between 1/4 to 1/3 of the embankment height). The results of the numerical model (Mohr-Coulomb) for settlement were slightly different compared to field observations with a maximum difference of merely 4.2 cm. The maximum lateral displacement occured in Segment 2 was 2.29 cm, with 1 layer of sand and common fill with geotexile reinforcement. The numerical results of the lateral displacement were also very close to the field observations with a maximum difference of merely 2.92 cm. This means that the numerical model (Mohr-Coulomb) was quite in agreement with the field full-scale model. Assessment of the embankment performances based on settlement, visual road surface damages, and cost had proven that the best overall performance was shown by the Segment 4 embankment, where equal number of layers of non-standard and common fill materials were used, with the additional reinforcement of 2 layers of geotextile. Segment 4 also showed the best road surface damage assessment from all segments. However, in terms of cost Segment 6 was the most economical, where the entire segment layers contained only the non-standard material with additional reinforcement of 4 layers of geotextile.
Key words: road embankment with geotextile reinforcement, non-standard fill material, construction of road on very soft ground, field study.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | badan jalan dengan perkuatan geotextile, material urugan non-standard, pembangunan jalan di atas tanah sangat lunak, penelitian lapangan road embankment with geotextile reinforcement, non-standard |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA455.S6 Soil (Materials of engineering and construction) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Arsyad |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Mar 2021 01:37 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Mar 2021 01:37 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/83985 |
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