Widiraga, Jonathan (2021) Evaluasi dan Perencanaan Pelindung Runway Bandara Internasional I Gusti Ngurah Rai. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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03111740000059-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 October 2023. Download (15MB) | Request a copy |
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03111740000059-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 October 2023. Download (15MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Bandara I Gusti Ngurah Rai adalah bandara terbesar di Provinsi Bali. Bandara ini terletak di pinggir pantai Kabupaten Badung dengan sebagian runway yang menjorok ke laut. Karena terletak di pinggir pantai, runway rentan terhadap fenomena yang biasa terjadi di daerah pantai. Gelombang ekstrim yang terjadi bisa mencapai 2 m. Potensi storm surge pada daerah Tuban, Kabupaten Badung bisa sedalam 12 cm dan menjalar ke daratan sejauh 623,5 m. Terlebih lagi, pemanasan global juga memengaruhi kenaikan muka air laut setiap tahunnya. Fenomena-fenomena ini berpotensi menggenangi runway. Bandara harus ditutup dan diberhentikan operasinya jika lebih dari 25% dari luas permukaan runway tertutup oleh air dengan kedalaman lebih dari 3 mm di permukaan runway. Selain itu, pada tahun 2016 terjadi genangan pada runway yang diakibatkan oleh air laut pasang. Berdasarkan pengamatan langsung, tinggi gelombang yang terjadi sudah sejajar dengan runway di bagian barat. Percikan air laut sudah melewati bagian puncak pelindung dan masuk ke runway. Kondisi pelindung eksisting juga tua dan rusak sehingga mengurangi efektivitas pelindung. Dengan adanya kenaikan muka air laut karena pemanasaan global, potensi storm surge dan tinggi gelombang serta kondisi pelindung eksisting maka semua perubahan tadi berpotensi merusak pelindung runway eksisting dan membahayakan operasional bandara. Maka dari itu diperlukan evaluasi dan perencanaan pelindung.
Metode evaluasi meliputi peramalan gelombang, perhitungan gelombang periode ulang, pemodelan gelombang, evaluasi elevasi puncak pelindung eksisting, dan perencanaan struktur. Analisis gelombang meliputi peramalan gelombang dengan metode SPM 1984 dan gelombang periode ulang 50 tahun dengan distribusi Weibull. Kemudian, hasilnya akan dimodelkan di software Delft3D. Dari pemodelan itu bisa diketahui tinggi gelombang rencananya. Kemudian, evaluasi dihitung berdasarkan peninjauan elevasi puncak struktur terhadap kondisi gelombang terkini, storm surge, run-up, wave set-up, dan kenaikan muka air laut serta Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan, KKOP.
Hasil peramalan gelombang dan periode ulang 50 tahun menghasilkan gelombang laut dalam Hs = 4,325 m. Transformasi gelombang menggunakan Delft3D menghasilkan tinggi gelombang di depan struktur Hs = 2,49 m. Kenaikan muka ar laut tertinggi dihasilkan oleh model yang dibuat oleh Bappenas sebesar 40 cm selama 50 tahun relatif terhadap tahun 2021. Hasil evaluasi mennjukkan bahwa struktur eksisting mengalami overtopping. Sehingga didesainlah struktur baru dengan elevasi puncak +5,4 m MSL. Dua jenis butiran pelindung, Tetrapod dan Xbloc, dipakai sebagai alternatif. Butiran pelindung Xbloc dengan berat 0,72 ton lebih efektif karena luas penampang total yang dihasilkan lebih kecil.
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I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is the main airport in Bali. It is located in Badung District, with some part of its runway is built in reclamation land. Therefore, this airport is vulnerable from nearshore phenomenon. Previous study in this area shows that extreme waves height reaches 2 m and storm surges of 12 cm with inundation on shore reach 623.5 m inland. Moreover, global warming added another risk because it is causing sea level rise. Combination of these event potentially flooded the runway. If runway is flooded with water 3 mm deep and cover 25% of runway surface area, airport operations need to be closed. In 2016, Ngurah Rai airport is partially flooded. Based on direct observation, the wave crest was parallel and overtopped the west side of the runway. Moreover, shore protection armor already outdated and damaged so it will reduce its effectiveness for absorbing wave energy. All these phenomenons, such as sea level rise, storm surge, high wave, and damaged will potentially damage runway protection and disturb airport operations. Therefore, runway shore protection needs evaluation and further design is necessary.
Evaluation consists of wave hindcasting, wave return period calculation, wave modelling, and designing runway protection. SPM 1984 will be used as the method for wave hindcasting and extreme analysis calculated based on Weibull distribution. Return period of 50 years will be used in wave return period calculation and those wave height result will be input on Delft3D Wave Modelling to be transformed. Then, evaluation is performed based on crest elevation over storm surge, run-up, wave set-up, and sea level rise. Crest elevation is calculated considering the airport object free area (Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan).
Wave hindcasting and extreme wave analysis gives 50 years return period of deep water wave Hs = 4,325 m. Wave transformation model gives design waves in front of structures of Hs = 2,49 m. Sea level rise evaluation gives an increase of 0,4 m for 50 years based on Model made by Bappenas. Existing structure evaluation shows the existing structures is overtopped; therefore, new design elevation is set at +5,4 m MSL. Two alternatives of armor layer are calculated using tetrapod and Xbloc. Xbloc armor layer is found to be more effective with design armor weight of 0,72 ton.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | evaluasi, pelindung runway, ngurah rai, evaluation, runway protection, ngurah rai |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC203.5 Coastal engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Jonathan Widiraga |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Aug 2021 05:41 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Aug 2021 04:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/84849 |
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