Perancangan, Analisis Statis, Dan Dinamis Desain Struktur Frame Untuk E-Scooter Dengan Single Shaft Wheel Hub Motor

Ramadhana, Vio Dwi (2021) Perancangan, Analisis Statis, Dan Dinamis Desain Struktur Frame Untuk E-Scooter Dengan Single Shaft Wheel Hub Motor. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya permintaan dan harga bahan bakar fosil adalah permasalahan banyak negara. Transportasi adalah bidang yang butuh konsumsi bahan bakar fosil tinggi. Dibutuhkan transportasi energi terbarukan untuk masalah tersebut. Electric Scooter adalah transportasi eco-friendly cocok di perkotaan. E-Scooter mengurangi ketergantungan bahan bakar fosil karena menggunakan energi listrik untuk penggeraknya. Sehingga sedikit polusi,hemat biaya, dan ramah lingkungan. Dengan gagasan ini, Laboratorium Rekayasa Vibrasi & Sistem Otomotif ingin membuat E-Scooter sebagai solusi transportasi dan mendorong berkembangnya kendaraan listrik Indonesia. Memanfaatkan Sepeda Listrik Volta 302 sebagai referensi, tim E-Scooter melakukan reverse engineering dan membuat desain E-Scooter baru dengan Wheel Hub Motor Single Shaft.
Komponen penting E-Scooter adalah frame untuk melekatnya komponen-komponen. Frame harus kokoh, kuat, namun ringan. Ketika menerima beban statis atau dinamis, frame akan mengalami deformasi dan tegangan. Harus dihindari jika tegangan melebihi safety factor karena merusak frame. Dari hal diatas, muncul permasalahan yang akan diselesaikan dalam penelitian ini dengan simulasi dan analisis dalam pembuatan desain frame E-Scooter. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah simulasi static structural untuk mengetahui deformasi dan tegangan akibat beban statis kendaraan. Kemudian modal analysis untuk mengetahui frekuensi natural serta mode shapenya dan random vibration analysis untuk mengetahui respon struktur akibat beban dinamis profil jalan. Dari analisis beban statis atau dinamis akan diketahui apakah safety factor aman.
Telah dilakukan perancangan ulang frame Volta 302 disesuaikan dengan rancangan E-Scooter wheel hub motor single shaft. Pada simulasi beban statis, ketiga material didapat deformasi dan tegangan yang sama, yaitu 0,47 mm dan 168,42 MPa. Untuk safety factor material AISI 1020 sebesar 1,74, AISI 1030 sebesar 2,01, dan AISI 1040 sebesar 2,08. Pada analisa modal, mode getar 1-3 struktur frame E-Scooter pada frekuensi 92,23 Hz, 128,37 Hz, dan 157,72 Hz. Namun, frekuensi maksimum operasinya yang dibawah 30 Hz tidak akan mendekati frekuensi natural sehingga resonansi dan kegagalan struktur bisa dihindarkan. Pada simulasi beban dinamis akibat kekasaran jalan, untuk ketiga material didapatkan deformasi dan tegangan yang sama, namun berbeda untuk ketiga tipe jalan. Yaitu 0,049 mm dan 28,471 MPa untuk jalan tipe A. 0,096 mm dan 56,598 MPa untuk jalan tipe B. 0,192 mm dan 112,89 MPa untuk jalan tipe C. Safety factor semua material akibat beban dinamis berada diatas 2. Menurut Mott (2009:164) dalam kasus pembebanan frame E-Scooter ini dibutuhkan safety factor 2–2,5. Sehingga dipilih AISI 1030 untuk frame E-Scooter karena safety factornya diatas 2 dari hasil simulasi beban statis maupun dinamis serta harganya yang paling ekonomis.
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The increasing demand and price of fossil fuels is a problem for many countries. Transportation is a field that requires high consumption of fossil fuels. Required transportation with renewable energy for this problem. Electric Scooter is an example of eco-friendly transportation and suitable for cities. E-Scooter reduces dependence on fossil fuels because it uses electrical energy for its propulsion. So that it is less polluting, cost effective and environmentally friendly. With this idea, Laboratorium Rekayasa Vibrasi & Sistem Otomotif plans to make the E-Scooter as solution for urban transportation. Using the Volta 302 Electric Bike as a reference, the E-Scooter team reverse engineered and created a new E-Scooter design with a Single Shaft Wheel Hub Motor.
An important component of the E-Scooter is the frame for attaching another components. The frame must be sturdy, strong, but light. When receiving a static or dynamic load, the frame will experience deformation and stress. Should be avoided when the stress exceeds the safety factor as it damages the frame. Based on that, there are problems that will be solved in this study by simulation and analysis in making the E-Scooter frame design. The problem under study is a static structural simulation to determine the deformation and stress due to the static load of the vehicle. Then modal analysis to determine the natural frequency and mode shape and random vibration analysis to determine the response of the structure due to dynamic loading of the road roughness. From the analysis of static or dynamic loads, it will be known whether the safety factor is safe.
The Volta 302 frame has been redesigned according to the design of the E-Scooter with single shaft wheel hub motor. In the static load simulation, three materials obtained the same deformation and stress, 0.47 mm and 168,42 MPa. For the material safety factor, AISI 1020 is 1.74, AISI 1030 is 2.08, and AISI 1040 is 2.01. In modal analysis, mode shapes 1-3 of the E-Scooter frame structure at frequencies 92.23 Hz, 128.37 Hz, and 157.72 Hz. However, the maximum operating frequency below 30 Hz will not approach the natural frequency so that resonance and structural failure can be avoided. In the dynamic load simulation due to road roughness, for the three materials obtained the same deformation and stress, but different for the three types of roads. That is 0.049 mm and 28.471 MPa for type A roads. 0.096 mm and 56.598 MPa for type B roads. 0.192 mm and 112.89 MPa for type C roads. The safety factor of all materials due to dynamic loads is above 2. According to Mott (2009:164), in the case of loading the E-Scooter frame, a safety factor of 2–2.5 is required. So AISI 1040 was chosen for the E-Scooter frame because the safety factor is above 2 from the simulation results of static and dynamic loads. And also because the price is the most economical.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Frame E-Scooter, safety factor, static structural analysis, random vibration analysis.
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL152.5 Motor vehicles Driving T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL220 Electric vehicles and their batteries, etc.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Vio Dwi Ramadhana
Date Deposited:	07 Aug 2021 03:49
Last Modified:	07 Aug 2021 03:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/85051

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