Ramadhani, Laily Hardini (2021) Kajian Literatur Penyisihan Mikroplastik pada Pengolahan Air Minum Konvensional. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Mikroplastik telah ditemukan di Kali Surabaya yang merupakan sumber air baku air minum dengan kadar 54,4 partikel/L. Kehadiran mikroplastik di sungai berpotensi terhadap terjadinya kontaminasi pada air produk PDAM. Sifat mikroplastik yang persisten mampu mengubah keseimbangan metabolisme dan dapat menyebabkan peradangan kronis serta dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker pada kesehatan manusia. Teknologi pengolahan air minum konvensional umumnya terdiri atas unit-unit: koagulasi, flokulasi, sedimentasi, dan filtrasi. Tujuan kajian literatur ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik mikroplastik yang potensial terdapat pada air baku air minum, menentukan mekanisme penyisihan mikroplastik pada tiap unit pengolahan air minum, dan menentukan pengembangan teknologi pada pengolahan air minum konvensional dalam penyisihan mikroplastik.
Metode studi yang digunakan adalah mengkaji sumber literatur yang diperoleh dengan kata kunci yang relevan, seperti: mikroplastik pada air sungai, kelimpahan dan jenis mikroplastik pada air sungai dan air minum, pengolahan air minum konvensional, dan efisiensi penyisihannya. Pencarian artikel jurnal dilakukan melalui Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan Researchgate. Perairan yang dikaji adalah air sungai yang digunakan sebagai air baku air minum. Fokus studi adalah teknologi konvensional pengolahan air minum dalam kaitannya dengan penyisihan mikroplastik. Pembahasan dilakukan terhadap karakteristik mikroplastik, kelimpahan, ukuran, bentuk, dan jenis pada air baku air minum serta kemampuan penyisihan pada setiap unit operasi serta pengembangan teknologi yang disusun berdasarkan kriteria desain yang berpengaruh pada penyisihan mikroplastik pada pengolahan air minum konvensional.
Mikroplastik banyak ditemukan di sungai-sungai di berbagai negara dengan variasi konsentrasi mulai 17 hingga 7000 partikel/L. Bentuk mikroplastik yang mendominasi adalah fragments dan fiber dengan variasi ukuran 1 – 5000 m. Bentuk polimer yang sering dijumpai ialah PET, PP, dan PE. Mekanisme pengolahan air minum konvensional dapat menentukan efisiensi penyisihan mikroplastik. Pada proses koagulasi-flokulasi dan sedimentasi, mekanisme penyisihannya dipengaruhi oleh jenis koagulan, dosis koagulan, dan kecepatan pengadukan. Sedangkan yang menjadi pertimbangan pada proses filtrasi (saringan pasir) adalah jenis dan ukuran media filter. Pengembangan teknologi pada unit pengolahan air minum konvensional di prasedimentasi, koagulasi dengan koagulan pembantu Al-based dan polyamine coat sand atau Fe-based dan polyacrylamide, flokulasi, sedimentasi, dan filtrasi (pasir kombinasi dengan granular activated carbon menghasilkan efisiensi sebesar 99,8%.
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Microplastics have been found in Kali Surabaya with 54,4 particles/L abundance. The presence of microplastics in this river may cause contamination potential to raw water and product water. The persistence of microplastic was able to change the balancing of metabolism in human and could raise chronic inflammation and increase the risk of cancer. The units in conventional water treatment technology generally consisted of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration units. The aims of this literature review were: to identify the characteristics of potential microplastics in water supply especially in the raw water, to determine the mechanism of microplastic removal in each water treatment unit, and to determine technological developments in conventional drinking water treatment for microplastic removal.
Literature search was done using related keywords, such as microplastics in rivers, abundance, and types of microplastics in rivers and drinking water, conventional water treatment, and efficiency of their removal. Search for journal articles was conducted through Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Researchgate. Focus of this research was limited to rivers, which were used as raw water sources for water supply. In this study the topic was conventional technology in water treatment with relation to microplastic removal. Discussions were carried out on the characteristics of microplastics, abundance, size, shape, and type in raw water for drinking, ability on each operating unit as well as the development of technology that was compiled based on design criteria that affect the presence of microplastics in conventional water treatment.
Microplastics were found in rivers in many countries with various concentrations, ranging from 17 to 7000 particles/L. Mostly, the shapes were dominated by fragments and fibers with sizes ranging from 1 - 5000 m. The polymers in the water were dominated by PET, PP, and PE. Removal mechanism during the coagulation-flocculation process in conventional water treatment was influenced by the type of coagulant, coagulant dose, and speed of stirring. Whereas those of the filtration process using sand filter were the types and size of media. The development of conventional technology in water treatment units includes presedimentation, coagulation with Al-based and polyamine coat sand or Fe-based, and polyacrylamide coagulants, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration using sand combined with granular activated carbon. This technology development could possibly result in microplastic removal efficiency up to 99.8%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | kelimpahan, mikroplastik, pengolahan air, penyisihan, teknologi. abundance, microplastics, removal, technology, water treatment. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Laily Hardini Ramadhani |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Aug 2021 02:57 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Sep 2024 06:52 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/85189 |
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