Studi Desain Struktur Bangunan Evakuasi Vertikal Untuk Mitigasi Tsunami Di Kota Aceh

Prajitno, Daniel Kurniawan (2021) Studi Desain Struktur Bangunan Evakuasi Vertikal Untuk Mitigasi Tsunami Di Kota Aceh. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Aceh merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia yang sering dilanda bencana alam gempa bumi dan tsunami. Hal ini disebabkan oleh lokasi Aceh yang berada di antara tiga segmen sesar aktif, yaitu Segmen Aceh, Segmen Seulimeum, dan Segmen Tripa. Dampak yang ditimbulkan gempa bumi dan tsunami bisa bervariasi, tergantung kekuatan masing-masing gempa. Gempa bumi dan tsunami dengan kekuatan besar dapat menimbulkan dampak yang besar pula, seperti hancurnya bangunan-bangunan dan juga korban jiwa. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya atau strategi penyelamatan yang komprehensif untuk meminimalkan resiko yang ditimbulkan bencana tersebut. Salah satunya adalah dalam bentuk penyediaan tempat evakuasi sementara (TES) di daerah pesisir rawan tsunami, yang dapat melindungi masyarakat dari bencana tsunami.
Pada Tugas Akhir ini dilakukan studi desain bangunan yang akan direncanakan sebagai tempat evakuasi saat tsunami terjadi. Bangunan direncanakan memiliki 12 lantai yang akan dibangun diatas tanah lunak. Selain memperhitungkan beban mati, hidup, dan gempa, pada studi desain ini juga memperhitungkan beban dari tsunami. Sistem ganda yang merupakan sistem struktur dengan rangka ruang lengkap untuk memikul beban gravitasi dan kombinasi rangka pemikul momen dan dinding geser untuk menahan beban gempa dipilih pada studi desain ini.
Desain bangunan juga akan memperhitungkan kriteria penerimaan struktur berdasarkan performance level dari struktur setelah terkena gempa. Performance level akan didapatkan dengan analisis non-linear static dengan metode pushover analysis. Sedangkan kriteria penerimaan struktur dan tata cara dalam mendesain dilakukan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku diantaranya FEMA P646 tentang Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis, ASCE 7-16 tentang Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Building and Other Structures, SNI 1726:2019 tentang Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa Untuk Struktur Bangunan Gedung dan Nongedung, SNI 2847:2019 tentang Persyaratan Beton Struktual untuk Bangunan Gedung dan Penjelasan, dan SNI 1727:2020 tentang Beban Desain Minimum dan Kriteria Terkait untuk Bangunan Gedung dan Struktur Lain.
Dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa bangunan evakuasi vertikal untuk mitigasi tsunami selain harus memperhitungkan gaya pengaruh akibat tsunami juga harus memperhitungkan kriteria penerimaan Immediate Occupancy Level (IO) setelah terkena gempa. Bangunan untuk kriteria penerimaan tersebut dapat menggunakan R=5 dan dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan pushover analysis pada program bantu SAP2000/ETABS. Dari hasil perancangan didapatkan desain bangunan evakuasi vertikal untuk mitigasi tsunami memberikan kapasitas struktur yang jauh lebih besar dari kapasitas struktur bangunan pada umumnya.
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Aceh is one of the cities in Indonesia that is often hit by earthquakes and tsunamis. This is due to the location of Aceh which is between three active fault segments, namely the Aceh Segment, Seulimeum Segment, and Tripa Segment. The impact of earthquakes and tsunamis can vary, depending on the strength of each earthquake. Earthquakes and tsunamis with a large force can have a large impact, such as the destruction of buildings and also loss of life. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake a comprehensive effort or strategy to deal with the risks posed by the disaster. One of them is in the form of providing temporary shelters (TES) in tsunami-prone coastal areas, which can protect the community from the tsunami disaster.
In this final project, the building that will be planned as a design site is carried out when the tsunami occurs. The planned building has 12 floors which will be built on soft soil. In addition to taking into account dead, live, and earthquake loads, this design also takes into account the load from the tsunami. The dual system is a structural system with a complete space frame for gravity loads and a combination of moment resisting frames and shear walls to withstand earthquake loads is chosen in this design.
The building design will also consider acceptance criteria based on the level of performance of the structure after being hit by an earthquake. Performance level will be obtained by non-linear static analysis with pushover analysis method. Meanwhile, acceptance of structures and procedures for designing in accordance with applicable regulations, including FEMA P646 concerning Guidelines for Structural Design for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis, ASCE 7-16 concerning Minimum Design Loads and Related Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, SNI 1726:2019 concerning Planning Procedures Earthquake Resistance for Building and Non-Building Structures, SNI 2847:2019 concerning Requirements for Structural Concrete for Buildings and Their Explanations, and SNI 1727:2020 Minimum Design Loads and Related Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures.
From the results of the analysis that has been carried out, it is concluded that vertical building earthquakes for tsunami mitigation must not only take into account the impact force due to the tsunami but also take into account the Immediate Occupancy Level (IO) after being hit. The building for acceptance can use R=5 and can be analyzed using pushover analysis in the SAP2000/ETABS program. From the design results, it is found that designs for vertical buildings for tsunami mitigation generally provide a capacity that is much larger than the capacity of building structures in general.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	gaya tsunami, desain struktur gedung, performance level, pushover analysis, bangunan evakuasi tsunami, tsunami force, building structure design, performance level, pushover analysis, tsunami evacuation building.
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA444 Reinforced concrete T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA658 Structural design T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA681 Concrete construction T Technology > TH Building construction > TH1095 Earthquakes and building T Technology > TH Building construction > TH2247 Shear walls--Materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Daniel Kurniawan Prajitno
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2021 14:21
Last Modified:	12 Aug 2021 14:21
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/85903

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