Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Dan Kecepatan Pada Fluida Pengering Terhadap Karakteristik Fluidized Bed Coal Dryer Dengan Tube Heater Tersusun Aligned

Rubiyono, Rubiyono (2021) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Dan Kecepatan Pada Fluida Pengering Terhadap Karakteristik Fluidized Bed Coal Dryer Dengan Tube Heater Tersusun Aligned. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Batubara merupakan salah satu sumber energi primer yang memiliki peran sangat penting dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan energi nasional. Potensi batubara yang dimiliki Indonesia mayoritas tergolong kalori rendah dan sedang yang berarti memiliki low heating value dan nilai moisture content yang tinggi. Penggunaan batubara kalori rendah pada suatu pembangkit secara ekonomis menguntungkan dengan harga batubara yang relatif murah. Namun secara sistem kinerja pembangkit, reliability sistem pembangkit akan menurun dan kurang efisien karena 20-25% heat input digunakan untuk evaporasi kandungan air batubara. Fenomena penggunaan batubara kalori rendah dan sedang pada sistem pembangkit dibutuhkan inovasi teknologi, salah satunya menggunakan teknologi pegeringan batubara sehingga suatu sistem pembangkit dapat menggunakan batubara yang murah namun tetap memiliki nilai kalori yang tinggi dan dapat berdampak pada efisiensi sistem pembangkit serta dapat mengurangi efek negatif terhadap lingkungan.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konfigurasi susunan tube heater secara aligned, variasi temperatur, dan variasi kecepatan air heater terhadap karakteristik laju pengeringan pada fluidizied bed coal dryer. Variasi temperatur yang digunakan yaitu 45oC, 55oC, 65oC dan variasi kecepatan yang digunakan yaitu 1.6 m/s, 2 m/s, 2.4 m/s. Analisa pengeringan batubara yang dilakukan adalah analisa dua dimensi pada drying chamber berupa kontur, laju pengeringan dan analisa psikometrik chart dengan menggunakan metode numerik berbasis komputasi. Pembuatan domain geometri menggunakan software Autodesk Inventor dan proses simulasi numerik menggunakan software ANSYS Fluent 19.2. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan pemahaman lebih komprehensif mengenai karakteristik pengeringan batubara.
Hasil dari penelitian ini dengan melakukan analisa data perbandingan kontur temperatur dan moisture content dari tiga variasi temperatur inlet dan kecepatan inlet yang berbeda, kemudian analisa grafik perubahan nilai moisture content serta analisa proses pada diagram psikometrik maka didapatkan sebagai berikut, semakin besar nilai temperatur inlet air heater maka nilai laju perpindahan massa semakin baik dan akan diikuti dengan penurunan kandungan air dalam batubara. Pada penelitian ini penurunan nilai fraksi massa batubara mencapai nilai terendah pada kecepatan 2.4 m/s dan temperatur air heater 65OC dengan nilai fraksi massa 0.258 kemudian 55OC dengan nilai fraksi massa 0.288 dan 45OC dengan nilai fraksi massa 0.301. Kemudian semakin besar kecepatan inlet air heater maka nilai laju perpindahan massa semakin baik dan akan diikuti dengan menurunnya kandungan air di dalam batubara. Pada kondisi temperatur yang sama 65 OC dari penelitian ini nilai fraksi massa batubara mencapai nilai terendah pada kecepatan udara masuk 2.4 m/s dengan nilai fraksi massa 0.258 kemudian 2 m/s dengan nilai fraksi massa 0.27 dan 1.6 m/s dengan nilai fraksi massa 0.28. Selanjutnya proses heating akan meningkatkan nilai temperatur udara pengering, dengan tube heater tersusun secara aligned proses pemanasan udara pengering mengakibatkan persebaran temperaturnya kurang merata pada seluruh chamber, sehingga ada sebagian daerah yang temperatur udaranya relatif lebih rendah karena kurang terpengaruh proses pemanasan dari heater.
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Coal is one of the primary energy sources that have an important role in meeting national energy needs. The majority of coal potential owned by Indonesia is classified as low and medium calorie which means it has a low heating value and a high moisture content value. The use of low-calorie coal in a power plant is economically advantageous with relatively cheap coal prices. However, in terms of power plant performance, the reliability of the generating system will decrease and it is less efficient because 20-25% of the heat input is used for evaporation of the water content of the coal. The phenomenon of the use of low and medium calorie coal in the power plant system requires technological innovation, one of which is using coal drying technology so that a power plant system can use cheap coal but still has a high calorific value and can have an impact on the efficiency of the generating system and can reduce negative effects on the environment.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aligned tube heater configuration, temperature variations, and variations in air heater speed on the drying rate characteristics of the fluidized bed coal dryer. The temperature variations used are 45oC, 55oC, 65oC and the speed variations used are 1.6 m/s, 2 m/s, 2.4 m/s. Coal drying analysis carried out is a two-dimensional analysis of the drying chamber in the form of contours, drying rate, and psychometric chart analysis using computational-based numerical methods. Geometry domain creation using Autodesk Inventor software and numerical simulation process using ANSYS Fluent 19.2 software. It is hoped that this research can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of coal drying.
The results of this study by analyzing the comparison of temperature contour data and moisture content from three different inlet temperature variations and different inlet speeds, then graphical analysis of changes in moisture content values and process analysis on psychometric diagrams, it is obtained as follows, the greater the air heater inlet temperature value then the value of the mass transfer rate is getting better and will be followed by a decrease in the water content in the coal. At the same speed conditions from this study, the lowest water content of coal reached the lowest value at the water heater temperature of 65 OC with a mass fraction 0.258 then 55OC with a mass fraction 0.288, and 45OC with a mass fraction 0.301. Then the greater the speed of the air heater inlet, the better the mass transfer rate and will be followed by a decrease in the water content in the coal. At the same temperature conditions 65oC from this study, the lowest water content of coal reached the lowest value at the inlet air velocity of 2.4 m/s with a mass fraction 0.258, then 2m/s with a mass fraction 0.27, and 1.6 m/s with a mass fraction 0.28. Furthermore, the heating process will increase the temperature value of the drying air with the tube heater arranged in an aligned process, the drying air heating process results in an uneven temperature distribution throughout the chamber, so that there are some areas where the air temperature is relatively lower because it is less affected by the heating process from the tube heater

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Batubara, Fluidized Bed Coal Dryer, Metode Studi Numerik, Moisture Content ========================================================= Coal, Fluidized Bed Coal Dryer, Study Numerical Methods, Moisture Content
Subjects: T Technology > T Technology (General)
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ254.7 Combustion chambers
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general)
T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy
T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN295 Fly ash
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Rubiyono Rubiyono
Date Deposited: 12 Aug 2021 14:32
Last Modified: 12 Aug 2021 14:32
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/85913

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