Herdiana, Veny (2021) Efek EM4 pada Penguraian Lumpur Tinja Secara Anaerobik. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Lumpur tinja (septage) dalam septic tank terdiri atas feses manusia, urine manusia, dan air. Pengurasan septic tank setiap 3 (tiga) tahun sekali menjadi upaya untuk mencegah pencemaran akibat lumpur tinja yang meluap dari lubang kloset. Namun, pengurasan tidak selalu dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Selain itu, willingness to pay masyarakat Indonesia cukup rendah untuk melakukan pembayaran sekaligus/tunai pada pengurasan septic tank. Produk biostarter EM4 merupakan salah satu alternatif penanganan lumpur tinja dengan harga terjangkau dan mudah ditemukan di pasaran. Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) memilki kandungan sebagian besar adalah bakteri asam laktat yaitu Lactobacillus sp. Penambahan EM4 menyebabkan jumlah mikroorganisme meningkat sehingga timbul kompetisi dalam memecah senyawa pada lumpur tinja dan dapat membuat penguraian terjadi lebih cepat. EM4 diharapkan bisa memperpanjang masa pengurasan septic tank menjadi lebih dari 3 (tiga) tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek EM4 pada penguraian lumpur tinja dalam kondisi anaerobik.
Penelitian skala laboratorium ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor dengan sistem batch. Setiap reaktor diisi dengan lumpur tinja sebanyak 1200 mL. Penelitian dilakukan dalam waktu 2 (dua) bulan. Terdapat 5 (lima) variasi perlakuan yaitu tanpa EM4 atau blanko (P1), EM4 1,2 mL atau 0,1% v/v (P2), EM4 4,8 mL atau 0,4% v/v (P3), EM4 9,6 mL atau 0,8% v/v (P4), dan EM4 1,2 mL + penggunaan media attached growth (P5). Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi TSS, BOD, COD, volume lumpur dan supernatan pada reaktor, pH, dan temperatur.
Nilai BOD5, COD (0,45 mikron), dan CODrb (0,22 mikron) semakin menurun selama penelitian berlangsung, namun TSS mengalami kenaikan. Pemisahan antara lumpur dan supernatan terbaik adalah pada P4 = P5 > P3 > P2 > P1. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan berada pada rentang pH optimum yaitu 6,5 hingga 8,0. Sementara itu, temperatur semua perlakuan berada dalam rentang 30-34°C (mesophilic). Konsentrasi terbaik yang dipilih untuk penguraian lumpur tinja secara anaerobik menggunakan EM4 adalah 9,6 mL atau 0,8% v/v. Konsentrasi ini dipilih karena menunjukkan penyisihan paling signifikan terhadap volume lumpur, BOD5, COD, dan CODrb masing-masing sebesar 71%, 91%, 94%, dan 100%, dibandingkan variasi konsentrasi lainnya.
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Septage in a septic tank consists of human feces, urine, and water. Draining the septic tank every 3 (three) years is an effort to prevent contamination due to sludge overflowing from the toilet hole. However, the community does not always drain the septic tank. In addition, the Indonesian public's willingness to pay is low enough to make cash payments for draining septic tanks. The EM4 bio starter product is one of alternatives for septage handling with affordable price and easy to find on the market. Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) contains mostly lactic acid bacteria, namely Lactobacillus sp. The addition of EM4 causes the number of microorganisms to increase so that there is competition in breaking down the compounds in the septage and making the decomposition occur faster. EM4 was expected to extend the drainage period of the septic tank to more than 3 (three) years. This study aimed to analyze the effect of EM4 on the anaerobic digestion of septage.
This laboratory-scale research was conducted on batch system reactors. Each reactor was filled with 1200 mL of septage. The research was conducted within 2 (two) months. There are 5 (five) treatment variations, namely without EM4 or blank (P1), EM4 1.2 mL or 0.1% v/v (P2), EM4 4.8 mL or 0.4% v/v (P3), EM4 9.6 mL or 0.8% v/v (P4), EM4 1.2 mL + the use of attached growth media (P5). The parameters analyzed included TSS, BOD, COD, the volume of sludge and supernatant in the reactor, pH, and temperature.
The values of BOD5, COD (0.45 micron), CODrb (0.22 micron) decreased during the study, but TSS increased. The best separation between sludge and supernatant was at P4 = P5 > P3 > P2 > P1. The results showed that all treatments were in the optimum pH range, namely 6.5 to 8.0. Meanwhile, the temperatures of all treatments were in the range of 30-34°C (mesophilic). The best concentration selected for the anaerobic digestion of septage using EM4 was 9.6 mL or 0.8% v/v. This concentration was selected as the best concentration because it showed the most significant removal in sludge volume, BOD5, COD, dan CODrb respectively 71%, 91%, 94%, and 100%, compared to other concentration variations.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | anaerobik, bahan organik, bakteri asam laktat, EM4, lumpur tinja, anaerobic, EM4, lactic acid bacteria, organic matter, septage |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD756.45 Anaerobic treatment |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Veny Herdiana |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Aug 2021 07:08 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Oct 2024 05:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/85936 |
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