Pra Desain Pabrik Bioetanol Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Haniati, Maulidah and Fajrin, Alifah Nur (2021) Pra Desain Pabrik Bioetanol Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi terus meningkat mengikuti pertumbuhan ekonomi, penduduk, harga energi, dan kebijakan pemerintah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan di berbagai sektor. Berdasarkan data BPPT Outlook Energi 2020, konsumsi energi masih didominasi oleh BBM. Oleh karena kebutuhan BBM yang terus meningkat namun produksinya semakin menurun, maka dari itu diperlukan energi alternatif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, transportasi, dan industri. Hal tersebut menjadi perhatian banyak negara dalam pembuatan bahan bakar nabati (BBN), yang salah satunya adalah bioetanol. Bioetanol yang diproduksi berasal dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), yang merupakan biofuel generasi kedua. Proses produksi bioetanol ini terdiri dari tiga unit proses. Unit pertama ialah pre-treatment, berfungsi untuk mereduksi ukuran bahan baku dan mendegradasi lignin agar terpisah dari holoselulosa, pada proses ini digunakan pre-treatment alkali menggunakan NaOH 3%. Kemudian unit kedua ialah fermentasi, bertujuan untuk memproduksi bioetanol. Proses fermentasi menggunakan metode SSCF (simultaneous saccharification fermentation) dan co-fermentor yang terdiri dari Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Scheffersomyces stipitis yang menghasilkan bioetanol dengan kemurnian sebesar 23%. Kemudian unit ketiga ialah proses separasi, untuk memisahkan bioetanol dari berbagai komponen agar menjadi etanol fuel grade dan sesuai dengan standar SNI. Proses ini menghasilkan etanol fuel grade dengan kemurnian sebesar 99,5% volume. Pabrik ini direncanakan beroperasi pada tahun 2023 dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 25.000 kL/tahun. Untuk mendirikan pabrik ini, diperlukan Capex (Capital Expenditure) sebesar Rp 234.270.284.638 dan Opex (Operating Expenditure) sebesar Rp 139.292.286.577. Selain itu, berdasarkan perhitungan analisis ekonomi, dapat diketahui bahwa NPV (Net Present Value) sebesar Rp 59.485.205.077; IRR (Internal Rate of Return) sebesar 21,81%; POT (Pay Out Time) selama 4,85 tahun; dan BEP (Break Even Point) sebesar 48,25%.
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The energy demand is increasing due to economic growth, population, energy prices, and government policies to meet needs in various sectors. Based on BPPT Energy Outlook 2020 data, energy consumption is still dominated by fuel. Because the need for fuel continues to increase but its production decreases, therefore alternative energy is needed to meet the needs of society, transportation, and industry. This has become the concern of many countries in the manufacture of biofuels (BBN), one of which is bioethanol. The bioethanol produced comes from oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS), which is a second-generation biofuel. The bioethanol production process consists of three process units. The first unit is pre-treatment, which functions to reduce the size of raw materials and degrade lignin to separate from holocellulose, in this process alkaline pre-treatment using 3% NaOH is used. Then the second unit is fermentation, which aims to produce bioethanol. The fermentation process uses the SSCF (simultaneous saccharification fermentation) method and a co-fermentor consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces stipitis which produces bioethanol with a purity of 23%. Then the third unit is the separation process, to separate bioethanol from various components to become fuel-grade ethanol by SNI standards. This process produces fuel-grade ethanol with a purity of 99.5% by volume. This plant is planned to operate in 2023 with a production capacity of 25,000 kL/year. To establish this plant, required Capex (Capital Expenditure) of Rp. 234,270,284,638 and Opex (Operating Expenditure) of Rp. 139,292,286,577. In addition, based on the calculation of economic analysis, it can be known that NPV (Net Present Value) of Rp. 59,485,205,077; IRR (Internal Rate of Return) of 21.81%; POT (Pay Out Time) for 4.85 years; and BEP (Break Even Point) of 48.25%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	energy demand, bioethanol plant, fuel-grade ethanol, kebutuhan energi, pabrik bioetanol, bioetanol fuel-grade
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP339 Ethanol as fuel. Biomass energy.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Maulidah Haniati
Date Deposited:	13 Aug 2021 19:27
Last Modified:	13 Aug 2021 19:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/86081

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