Analisis Risiko Gempa Bumi Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis dan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk Menunjang Kegiatan Mitigasi Bencana (Studi Kasus: Kota Banda Aceh)

Serlia, Ayuli (2021) Analisis Risiko Gempa Bumi Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis dan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk Menunjang Kegiatan Mitigasi Bencana (Studi Kasus: Kota Banda Aceh). Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kota Banda Aceh merupakan wilayah yang rawan mengalami kerusakan akibat gempa bumi. Peran Kota Banda Aceh selaku ibukota dan pusat kegiatan provinsi menjadikan kegiatan peninjauan risiko bencana gempa bumi penting dilakukan.
Kegiatan peninjauan melalui pemetaan dan analisis risiko gempa bumi dengan memanfaatkan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dapat menunjang kegiatan mitigasi bencana. Dalam penelitian ini, hasil analisis risiko gempa bumi digunakan untuk merekomendasikan kawasan prioritas mitigasi bencana untuk mendukung terbentuknya kelurahan/desa tangguh bencana di Kota Banda Aceh. Adapun SIG digunakan pada proses analisis spasial data
parameter risiko gempa bumi berbasis vektor dengan unit terkecil berupa kelurahan untuk penentuan zonasi kawasan berisiko. Setiap hasil analisis spasial tersebut memiliki 3 kelas indeks, yaitu indeks rendah, sedang, dan tinggi yang kemudian masing-masing diberi skor 1, 3, dan 5. Metode AHP digunakan untuk penentuan bobot setiap elemen penyusun indeks risiko gempa bumi dengan 3 tingkatan, yaitu kriteria atau indeks, subkriteria 1 atau indikator, dan subkriteria 2 berupa kumpulan parameter fisik dan sosial-ekonomi penduduk terhadap risiko gempa bumi. Skor dari setiap hasil analisis spasial parameter penyusun indeks risiko gempa bumi serta nilai bobot AHP dari masing-masing parameter selanjutnya dihitung pada proses overlay dan menghasilkan nilai total indeks bahaya gempa bumi, indeks kerentanan gempa bumi, dan indeks kapasitas gempa bumi. Hasil nilai indeks ini divisualisasikan dalam bentuk Peta Bahaya Gempa
Bumi, Peta Kerentanan Gempa Bumi, dan Peta Kapasitas Gempa
Bumi. Dari ketiga peta ini, dilakukan proses overlay kembali untuk menghasilkan Peta risiko Gempa Bumi. Informasi yang disajikan terdiri dari tiga kelas, yaitu risiko rendah, risiko sedang, dan risiko tinggi per wilayah kelurahan di Kota Banda Aceh. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa Kota Banda Aceh memiliki 21 kelurahan berisiko tinggi (23,33%), 57 kelurahan berisiko sedang (63,33%), dan 12 kelurahan berisiko rendah (13,33%) yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan Peta Risiko oleh TDMRC. Berdasarkan analisis risiko untuk kawasan permukiman, didapatkan bahwa 714,950 hektar kawasan permukiman atau 11,92% dari total luas Kota Banda Aceh memiliki risiko tinggi. Adapun Kelurahan Rukoh dan Kelurahan Lambaro Skep memiliki luas kawasan permukiman berisiko tinggi terbesar, yaitu masing�masing adalah 118,0928 hektar.
=========================================================================== Banda Aceh City is considered as an area with the vulnerability of destruction due to earthquake disaster. The functions of Banda Aceh as the capital city and also the center of provincial activities have significantly affected the importance of earthquake risk
assessment. The activity of assessment through mapping and analyzing the risk by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can prominently support the disaster mitigation actions in the city. In this research, the result of earthquake disaster assessment is used to recommend priority areas for mitigation to support the establishment of resilient villages/districts in Banda Aceh City. Furthermore, the GIS is utilized to proceed spatial analysis toward each earthquake risk parameter based on vector data with district area as the smallest unit to assess the risk zones. Each result of spatial analysis includes 3 classes of index, including the low index, the medium index, and the high index that subsequently is given score 1, 3, and 5. On the other hand, the AHP method is utilized to determine the weight of each element composing the earthquake risk index with 3 levels of hierarchy, they are criteria or indexes, subcriteria 1 or indicators, and subcriteria 2 or parameters consisted by physical and socio-economic parameters toward the earthquake risk. The score of each spatial analysis result of the parameters and the weight values received from AHP method are then calculated through the overlay process and result the total value of each earthquake hazard index, vulnerability index, and capacity index. The index values are then visualized in the form of the Earthquake Hazard Map, the Earthquake Vulnerability Map, and the Earthquake Capacity Map. The three of the maps are then overlayed once more to create the Earthquake Risk Map. There are three classes of risk level provided on the map in each district of Banda Aceh City, including high risk, medium risk, and low risk. The result shows that Banda Aceh City has 21 districts with high risk (23.33%), 57 districts with medium risk (63.33%), and 12 districts with low risk (13.33%) and it is then compared to the Risk Map created by TDMRC. Based on the risk analysis according to settlement areas, it is concluded that 714.950 hectares of settlement areas or 11.92% of total areas of Banda Aceh City have high earthquake risk. The Rukoh District and Lambaro Skep District have the biggest settlement areas with high risk which each has 118.0928 hectares of total area.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Analytic Hierarchy Process, Gempa Bumi, Mitigasi Bencana, Peta Risiko, Sistem Informasi Geografis
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.212 ArcGIS. Geographic information systems. G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.217 Geospatial data
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ayuli Serlia
Date Deposited:	14 Aug 2021 12:09
Last Modified:	14 Aug 2021 12:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/86481

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