Pra Desain Pabrik Ethylene Dengan Metode Thermal Cracking

Ramadhani, Ghassani Salsabila and Kusnadi, Nadila Shafira (2021) Pra Desain Pabrik Ethylene Dengan Metode Thermal Cracking. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan ethylene di Indonesia sangat tinggi dan tumbuh dengan cepat seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perbandingan data impor dan ekspor ethylene yang sangat signifikan hingga mencapai 5,12 kali lipat. Pada tahun 2017, angka ekspor ethylene Indonesia mencapai 121.007.188 kg, namun angka impor jauh melampauinya, yaitu 620.711.723 kg (Kementrian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia). Hal ini menjadi tantangan serta peluang Indonesia untuk menjawab kebutuhan dalam negeri dengan menekan angka impor polyethylene. Ethylene adalah senyawa organik dengan rumus kimia C2H4. Merupakan alkena paling sederhana yang mengandung karbon ikatan rangkap, sehingga diklasifikasikan sebagai hidrokarbon tak jenuh. Ethylene dapat diproduksi dari nafta yang merupakan alah satu senyawa penting dalam mata rantai industri petrokimia dan bahan kimia organik terbesar di dunia. Di Indonesia, ethylene umumnya diproduksi menggunakan thermal cracking dari bahan baku berupa nafta. Maka dari itu, melihat permintaan ethylene yang sangat besar dan belum dapat dicukup dari produksi dalam negeri, dibuat rancangan pra desain pabrik ethylene dengan metode thermal cracking berkapasitas 360 KTPA. Sekarang ini thermal cracking banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan nilai jual dari fraksi yang sangat berat. Thermal cracking menggunakan suhu hingga 800oC dan tekanan 700 KPa (6,9 atm). Pemisahan produk dari hasil sampingnya juga dilakukan secara bertahap meliputi proses absorbsi, adsorbsi dan distilasi. Absorber yang memisahkan gas hidrokarbon terhadap cairan hidrokarbon (fuel oil) dalam alirannya dengan media pencuci air. Pabrik direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu 24 jam selama 330 hari per tahun. Pabrik ethylene ini direncanakan mulai dibangun pada tahun 2021 di Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia, dan direncanakan selesai pada tahun 2023. Daerah Cilegon dipilih karena lokasi yang dekat dengan ketersediaan bahan baku dan dekat dengan lokasi pemasaran. Sumber dana investasi berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 60 % biaya investasi dan pinjaman jangka pendek sebesar 40 % biaya investasi dengan bunga sebesar 9,95 % per tahun dan laju inflasi 2,72 % per tahun. Dari analisa perhitungan ekonomi didapatkan Total Capital Investment (TCI) sebesar Rp. 7.473.321.317.256 , Working Capital Investment (WCI) Rp. 1.698.482.117.558 ; Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) Rp. 5.774.839.199.697 ; Total Production Cost (TPC) Rp. 5.310.850.607.386 ; Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 26,10%; Pay Out Time (POT) 7,3 tahun; dan Break Even Point (BEP) 21,85%.
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The demand for ethylene in Indonesia is very high and is growing rapidly in line with high economic growth. This is evidenced by the very significant comparison of ethylene import and export data, reaching 5.12 times. In 2017, Indonesia's ethylene export figure reached 121,007,188 kg, but the import figure far exceeded it, at 620,711,723 kg (Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia). This is a challenge as well as an opportunity for Indonesia to respond to domestic needs by reducing the number of polyethylene imports. Ethylene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C2H4. It is the simplest alkene that contains carbon double bonds, so it is classified as an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Ethylene can be produced from naphtha, which is one of the most important compounds in the world's largest petrochemical and organic chemical industry chain. In Indonesia, ethylene is generally produced using thermal cracking from naphtha as a raw material. Therefore, seeing the very large demand for ethylene and not being able to meet domestic production, a pre-design of an ethylene plant was made using the thermal cracking method with a capacity of 360 KTPA. Nowadays, thermal cracking is widely used to increase the selling value of very heavy fractions. Thermal cracking uses temperatures up to 800oC and pressures of 700 KPa (6.9 atm). Separation of the product from by-products is also carried out in stages including the process of absorption, adsorption, and distillation. Absorber that separates hydrocarbon gas from liquid hydrocarbons (fuel oil) in its flow with water washing media. The factory is planned to operate continuously 24 hours for 330 days per year. This ethylene plant is planned to start construction in 2021 in Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia, and is planned to be completed in 2023. The Cilegon area was chosen because of its location close to the availability of raw materials and close to marketing locations. Sources of investment funds come from own capital of 60% of investment costs and short-term loans of 40% of investment costs with an interest of 9.95% per year and an inflation rate of 2.72% per year. From the analysis of economic calculations obtained Total Capital Investment (TCI) of Rp. 7,473,321,317,256 , Working Capital Investment (WCI) Rp. 1,698,482,117,558 ; Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) Rp. 5,774,839,199,697 ; Total Production Cost (TPC) Rp. 5,310,850,607,386 ; Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 26.10%; Pay Out Time (POT) 7.3 years; and Break-Even Point (BEP) 21.85%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ethylene, Nafta, Thermal Cracking, NPV, Investasi
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ghassani Salsabila Ramadhani
Date Deposited:	16 Aug 2021 06:49
Last Modified:	16 Aug 2021 06:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/86999

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