Kurniawan, Rizki Hari (2021) Analisis Persebaran Aerosol Sebelum dan Saat PSBB Untuk Pemantauan Kualitas Udara Kota Surabaya Menggunakan MODIS AOD dengan Algoritma SARA (Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Surabaya merupakan ibu kota Provinsi Jawa Timur dan merupakan salah satu pusat aktivitas di Provinsi Jawa Timur, dimana pertumbuhan industri, perdagangan, jasa dan transportasi sangat cepat. Industri-industri yang semakin berkembang dan kondisi lalu lintas yang terjadi di Kota Surabaya membawa suatu perubahan terhadap kondisi alam, terutama penurunan kualitas udara yang diakibatkan oleh adanya aerosol yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan industri dan emisi kendaraan bermotor. Aerosol merupakan suspensi berupa partikel padat atau cair di udara dengan ukuran yang bervariasi dari beberapa nm (nanometer) hingga lebih dari 100 µm yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan manusia, kualitas udara, dan juga iklim. Pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020, Indonesia dikonfirmasi pertama kali memiliki kasus Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), dan pada tanggal 28 April 2020, Kota Surabaya mulai memberlakukan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) sebagai bentuk tanggap darurat dari pandemi COVID-19. Akibat dari PSBB, terjadi pengurangan kendaraan yang berlalu lintas di Kota Surabaya yang mengindikasikan adanya penurunan tingkat pencemaran udara. Penelitian terkait Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) telah banyak dilakukan baik dalam skala regional maupun global. Namun, penelitian AOD dengan resolusi tinggi (≤ 500 m) di dunia masih jarang dan belum ada yang menerapkannya untuk wilayah Indonesia. Hal tersebut membuka peluang bagi perkembangan penelitian penginderaan jauh atmosfer di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan permasalahan tersebut dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh persebaran AOD di Kota Surabaya dan membandingkan persebaran AOD sebelum dan saat diberlakukan PSBB sebagai bentuk pengamatan kualitas udara di Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (SARA) dari data MODIS dengan resolusi spasial tinggi (500 m). Hasil AOD SARA selanjutnya divalidasi dengan data MODIS AOD MCD19A2 dan Data Konsentrasi PM10 Kota Surabaya. Hasil uji statistik antara AOD SARA dengan AOD MCD19A2 menunjukkan bahwa SARA memiliki performa yang baik dalam menampilkan nilai AOD di Surabaya dengan nilai koefisien korelasi, MAE, dan RMSE masing-masing sebesar 0,773; 0,041; dan 0,067. Sementara performa SARA dengan PM10 menunjukkan angka sebaliknya di mana korelasi yang didapat hanya sebesar 0,217. Pola AOD secara temporal menunjukkan bahwa nilai AOD pada tahun 2020 lebih tinggi dibandingkan tahun 2019, akan tetapi mengalami penurunan tiap bulannya yang mengindikasikan adanya penurunan nilai aerosol akibat dari kebijakan PSBB.
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Surabaya is the capital of East Java Province and is one of the centers of industrial and economic activity in East Java Province, where the growth of industry, trade, services and transportation is very fast. The growing industries and traffic conditions that occur in the city bring consequences to natural conditions, especially a decrease in air quality caused by the presence of aerosols produced by industrial activities and traffic emissions. Aerosols generally defined as a suspension of solid particles in the air with a size of between few μm to more than 100 μm which have an impact on human health, air quality, and climate. On March 2, 2020, Indonesia was confirmed for the first Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) case, and on April 28, 2020, Surabaya began to impose Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSRR) (Indonesian: Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar or PSBB) as a form of emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, both public transportation and private vehicles has been significantly decreased in the city of Surabaya, which indicates a decrease in the level of air pollution as well. Several researches related to Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) has been carried out both on a regional and global scale. However, research on AOD with high resolution (≤ 500 m) in the world is still infrequently and no research article has applied it to Indonesia. This opens up opportunities for the development of atmospheric remote sensing research in Indonesia. This study aims to obtain the distribution of AOD in the city of Surabaya and to compare the distribution of AOD before and during the LSSR (Indonesian: PSBB) was implemented as a form of air quality observation in the city of Surabaya. This study uses the Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (SARA) from MODIS data with high spatial resolution (500 m). The AOD from SARA is then validated with MODIS MCD19A2 AOD data and PM10 Concentration Data of Surabaya from the air quality observation stations distributed over Surabaya. The SARA AOD showed a good match with MCD19A2 AOD, with average correlation coefficient, RMSE, and MAE are 0.773, 0.041, and 0.067, respectively. By correlating with ground-based PM10 concentrations, the MCD19A2 outperforms the correlation (r = 0.773) than PM10 (r = 0.217). The temporal trends of aerosol load over Surabaya before and during COVID-19 shows that 2020 has higher aerosol value than 2019, but the overall aerosol value in 2020 decrease every month indicating that there is an emission loss event. The results demonstrate that SARA is better able to show aerosol images over urban area such as Surabaya and SARA is able to depict the aerosol decreasing event in 2020 during COVID-19 period.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Aerosol, AOD, MODIS, PSBB, SARA, Surabaya Aerosol, AOD, MODIS, PSBB, SARA, Surabaya |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.5.I4 Remote sensing |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Geomatics Engineering > 29101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Rizki Hari Kurniawan |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Aug 2021 07:03 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Nov 2024 01:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/87015 |
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