Setiawan, Kharisma Perdana and Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah (2021) Pra Desain Pabrik Magnesium Hidroksida (Mg(OH)2) Dan Magnesium Sulfat Heptahidrat (MgSO4.7H2O) Pharmaceutical Grade dari Bittern. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Air bittern merupakan produk samping dari proses pengkristalan garam di ladang pergaraman yang ketersediaannya mencapai 285 juta liter/tahun dan belum termanfaatkan. Dengan kandungan ion magnesium (Mg2+) yang cukup tinggi (45,796 gr/L), bittern dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi berbagai produk turunan, seperti Mg(OH)₂ dan MgSO4.7H2O yang produksinya belum tersedia di Indonesia. Kapasitas produksi yang digunakan pada pabrik ini adalah 200 ton/tahun Mg(OH)₂ dan 250 ton/tahun MgSO4.7H2O dengan presentase pemenuhan kebutuhan nasional sebesar 25 dan 50% untuk masing – masing produk. Perancangan proses produksi yang dilakukan didasarkan pemenuhan spesifikasi target produk sesuai dengan pharmaceutical grade dari BPOM, yakni untuk Mg(OH)₂ berukuran 80 – 120 mesh, kadar kemurnian dan logam berat sebesar 95 – 100,5% dan < 20 ppm, serta kandungan Eschericia Coli < 4 x 102 CFU/g. Untuk MgSO4.7H2O berukuran 80 – 120 mesh, kadar kemurnian, klorida, besi, logam berat, dan selenium sebesar ≥ 99%, ≤ 0,014 % w/w, ≤ 20 ppm, ≤ 10 ppm, dan ≤ 0,003% w/w, serta memiliki pH 5,0 – 9,2. Proses produksi yang digunakan dimulai dari pretreatment bittern, pereaksian bittern dengan NaOH 5% untuk membentuk Mg(OH)2, pencucian, dan dilanjutkan separasi ¾ slurry Mg(OH)2 untuk dijadikan produk akhir, serta ¼ slurry tersisa digunakan sebagai bahan baku MgSO4¬.7H2O. ¼ Slurry Mg(OH)₂ direaksikan dengan H2SO4 25% membentuk MgSO4 kemudian dikristalisasi untuk menjadi produk MgSO4.7H2O, yang selanjutnya diproses menjadi produk akhir. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi yang dilakukan, didapatkan nilai CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) sebesar Rp 13.276.153.541,77 dan OPEX (Operating Expenditure) Rp 12.881.717.321,43, sehingga diperoleh nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 12,48% (lebih dari 10% (bunga bank)), Net Present Value (NPV) Rp 3.304.380.689 (lebih dari 0), Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 58,46%, dengan modal pengembalian pabrik (Payout Time, POT) selama 9,577 tahun. Sehingga berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka pabrik ini dinyatakan layak untuk dibangun yang dinilai dari segi teknis (terpenuhinya standar spesifikasi produk) dan segi ekonomis (IRR diatas bunga bank, dan NPV di atas 0).
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Bittern is a by-product of the NaCl salt crystallization process in the salt field with an availability of 285 million liters / year and has not been utilized.With a fairly high content (45.796 g/L) of magnesium ion (Mg2+), bittern can be used to produce various derivative products, such as Mg(OH)2 and MgSO4.7H2O whose production is not yet available in Indonesia. The production capacity used in this plant is 200 tons/year of Mg(OH)₂ and 250 tons/year of MgSO4.7H2O with percentages of meeting national needs of 25 and 50% for each product. The design of the production process is based on the fulfillment of product target specifications in accordance with the pharmaceutical grade from BPOM, for Mg(OH)₂, particle size is 80 – 120 mesh, purity and heavy metal content are 95 – 100.5% and < 20 ppm, and Eschericia Coli content is < 4 x 102 CFU/g. For MgSO4.7H2O, particle size is 80 – 120 mesh, the levels of purity, chloride, iron, heavy metals, and selenium are 99%, 0.014 % w/w, 20 ppm, 10 ppm, and 0.003% w/w, and has a range of pH is 5.0 – 9.2. The production process used starts from bittern pretreatment, reacting bittern with 5% NaOH to form Mg(OH)₂, washing, and then separating of ¾ Mg(OH)₂ slurry to be used as a final product, and of the ¼ remaining slurry used as raw material for MgSO4.7H2O. ¼ Slurry Mg(OH)₂ is reacted with 25% H2SO4 to form MgSO4 and then crystallized to produce MgSO4.7H2O, which is then processed into the final product. Based on the economic analysis carried out, the CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) value was Rp. 13,276,153,541.77 and OPEX (Operating Expenditure) was Rp. 12,881,717,321.43, so that the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) value was 12.48% (more than 10% (bank interest)), Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 3,304,380,689 (more than 0), Break Even Point (BEP) of 58.46%, with factory payout time (POT) for 9,577 years. So based on this, this factory is declared feasible to be built which is assessed from a technical point of view (fulfillment of product specification standards) and from an economic point of view (IRR above bank interest, and NPV above 0).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bittern, Crystallization, Mg(OH)2, MgSO4.7H2O, Pharmaceutical grade, Bittern, Kristalisasi, Mg(OH)2, MgSO4.7H2O, Pharmaceutical grade |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Kharisma Perdana Setiawan |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Aug 2021 04:34 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Jun 2024 04:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/87268 |
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