Estimasi Tingkat Kerentanan Permukiman Terhadap COVID-19 Berbasis Informasi Geografis (Studi Kasus: Kota Jakarta Utara)

Anderson, Obed (2021) Estimasi Tingkat Kerentanan Permukiman Terhadap COVID-19 Berbasis Informasi Geografis (Studi Kasus: Kota Jakarta Utara). Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 03311740000051-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 October 2023. Download (7MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

COVID-19 atau Coronavirus Desease-19 adalah suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh jenis coronavirus yang baru ditemukan di Wuhan, Tiongkok, Desember 2019 (KEMENKES RI, 2020). Cepatnya penyebaran virus ini dipengaruhi oleh struktur populasi dan mobilitas penduduk sebagai kerentanan sosial dalam menghadapi wabah penyakit, antara lain: kepadatan penduduk, kemiskinan, aktivitas sosial ekonomi di luar rumah, dan perjalanan antar kota (Merler & Ajelli, 2010). DKI Jakarta yang merupakan kota urban padat penduduk juga memiliki mobilitas penduduk yang tinggi dimana sebagian mobilitas ini disumbang oleh pekerja yang banyak bertempat tinggal di wilayah sekitar DKI Jakarta. Menurut satgas COVID-19 lebih dari 150.000 jiwa terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 di seluruh wilayah DKI Jakarta. Hal ini menyebabkan pemerintah cukup kewalahan dalam mengatasinya, terutama dalam hal penyediaan tempat penanganan pasien COVID-19, dan diduga tidak mampu menampung pasien baru. Oleh karena itu, puskesmas (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat) menjadi salah satu pertolongan pertama bagi warga yang positif atau bergejala COVID-19. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan estimasi tingkat kerentanan permukiman di Kota Jakarta Utara berdasarkan karakteristik permukiman (kepadatan penduduk, kepadatan permukiman dan aksesibilitas ke puskesmas). Lalu dilakukan uji korelasi dengan kasus positif COVID-19 di Kota Jakarta Utara pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan analisis spasial buffer, scoring dan overlay dalam mengestimasi tingkat kerentanan wilayah Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara terhadap COVID-19 dan uji korelasi dengan Product Moment Pearson. SIG sangat berperan dalam penanggulangan penyakit dari sisi preventif dikarenakan teknologi ini dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui pola spasial suatu wabah/pandemi. Berdasarkan pengolahan didapatkan 17 kelurahan dalam kelas kerentanan ‘aman’ dengan luas total mencapai 5440,1 ha atau 38,886%, 12 kelurahan kelas ‘rentan’ (8240,9 ha atau 58,906%) dan 2 kelurahan ‘sangat rentan’ (309 ha atau 2,209%). Kemudian, hasil uji korelasi diperoleh antara kepadatan penduduk, kepadatan bangunan terhadap kasus positif COVID-19 berkorelasi signifikansi 5% dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,458 dan 0,514. Sedangkan pada parameter cakupan puskesmas dengan nilai 0,211 tidak memiliki korelasi yang signifikan terhadap kasus positif COVID-19.
================================================================================================
COVID-19 or Coronavirus Disease-19 is an infectious
disease caused by a type of coronavirus that was newly
discovered in Wuhan, China, December 2019 (Kemenkes RI,
2020). The rapid spread of this virus is influenced by population
structure and population mobility as social vulnerabilities in
dealing with disease outbreaks, including: population density,
poverty, socio-economic activities outside the home, and travel
between cities (Merler & Ajelli, 2010). DKI Jakarta, which is a
densely populated urban city, also has high population mobility
where part of this mobility is contributed by workers who live in
the area around DKI Jakarta. According to the COVID-19 task
force, more than 150,000 people have been confirmed positive for
COVID-19 in all areas of DKI Jakarta. This has caused the
government to be quite overwhelmed in dealing with it, especially
in terms of providing a place to handle COVID-19 patients, and
allegedly unable to accommodate new patients. Therefore, the
puskesmas (Community Health Center) is one of the first aids for
residents who are positive or have symptoms of COVID-19. In
this study, an estimation of the vulnerability level of settlements in
North Jakarta City was carried out based on the characteristics
of the settlements (population density, settlement density and accessibility to puskesmas). Then a correlation test was carried
out with positive cases of COVID-19 in North Jakarta City in
2020. This research was conducted using Geographic
Information System (GIS) technology with spatial buffer, scoring
and overlay analysis in estimating the level of vulnerability of the
North Jakarta Administrative City to COVID-19 and Product
Moment Pearson Correlation. GIS plays a very important role in
disease prevention from a preventive perspective because this
technology can be used to determine the spatial pattern of an
outbreak/pandemic. Based on the processing, there were 17
villages in the 'safe' vulnerability class with a total area of 5440,1
ha or 38,886%, 12 wards in the 'vulnerable' class (8240,9 ha or
58,906%) and 2 'very vulnerable' villages (309 ha or 2,209 %).
Then, the results of the correlation test were obtained between
population density, building density and positive cases of COVID-
19, a significant correlation of 5% with a correlation value of
0,458 and 0,514. Meanwhile, the puskesmas coverage parameter
with a value of 0,211 does not have a significant correlation with
positive COVID-19 cases.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	COVID-19, Kerentanan, Korelasi, COVID-19, Vulnerability, Correlation
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.212 ArcGIS. Geographic information systems. T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174.5 Technology--Risk assessment.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Theses
Depositing User:	Obed Anderson
Date Deposited:	19 Aug 2021 02:40
Last Modified:	14 Mar 2022 08:25
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/87825

Actions (login required)

View Item